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File: 970107_sep96_decls37_0002.txt
Subject: BIOLOGICAL WARFARE CAPABILITIES
Unit: ARCENT
Parent Organization: CENTCOM
Box ID: BX000530
Folder Title: BIOLOGICAL WARFARE CAPABILITIES
Document Number: 2
Folder Seq #: 24
UNCLASSIFIED
as a resulfof control programs. Intestinal schisw@&o@ crInfec@usDiseases-Tuberculo@ (en-
miasis foci occurin the central (Hail, Riyadh), north- dcmic, although the annual incidence, 100 cases in
ern (Al JawQ, nor-th-Aestem (Tabuk, Medina), and 1988, has been declining,;Lnd the prevalence is esfi-
@dwestem (Makkah, AJ Bahah) provinces, and the mated to be only 0.1 to 0.2 percent); trachoma
highlands of the southwestern provinces (Asir, (common, and the most frequent cause of blindness,
Najran). Urinary schislosotniasis foci occur in the although the incidence has been declining as a result
lowlands of the southwestern (Jizan) and @dwest- of control mea@ures); Convener] endemic syphilis
era q&kkah) provinces. In Iraq, urinary schisloso- (common in rural areas in Saudi Arabia, especially
@asis occurs throughout the Tigris and Euphrates among nomadic l@smen, where the prevalence is
River basin, especially in the central regions. Al- as high as 20 percent); soil transmitted belminthic
though still prevalent (prevalence is estimated at 5 infections (roundwor7ns and whipwonns are pi-es-
percentin focal arms), the annual reported incidence ent, but the incidence is less than 5 @nt; hook-
is decreasing as a result of control programs. worms are uncommon)-
Ecology- Bul@ truncaw is the primary in(erme-
dista host for Schisiosoma haemmobium (urinary IRAQI BIOLOGICAL WARFARF (BW) CAPABIU'NES
e primary intertne- (Ulrmo,14
di2te host forschistosoma mmisoizi (intestinal fon-n). AFMC analysis assess that Iraq has a
Other Diseases Endemic in the Indigenous mature offensive biological warfare (BW) program.
Population (U) BacillusanLhracis (anthrax) an )inum toxin are
assessed to be weaponized. In addition, rio
(U) Zoonotic diseases - Brucellosis (caused by B. chokrae (cholera), Sfaphylococcus enieroioxln B
melitensis; en7oodc in livestock, especially goats (SEB), and the clostridium per@ngens bacteria orits
and sheep, and a common cause of fever in humans toxin may be in advanced stages of development or
in both rural and urban areas, usually as a result of available forweaponization. Because of the absence
consumption of raw dairy products); r-abies (enzo- of specific information, we cannot accurately predict
odc in foxes in Iraq and Saudi Arabia; Bahrain and when BW would be used. We believe biological
Kuwait are rabies free); echinococcosis (common, weapons can be effectively deployed for tactical
especially in southern Iraq, where it is a frequent battlefield use as well as strategical use.
cause of surgery; the tapeworm is carried by an 5 U.S.@. 552 (b)(1)
estimated 15 percent of stray dogs, @IxLldily in -ne B@CaTch, development and
agricultural areas); anthrax (occurs very sporadi- production faci@at Saiman Pak (33-04-30N 44-
cally in rural at= during summer months; related @5-OIE isbc)ieved lobe themajor
to exposure to livestock, usually sheep); Q fever production and storage facility for BW in Iraq. The
(r2relyreporliJ in humans, butcnzootic in livestock; Jraqi.army facility at Taji (33-31-40N 44-16-20E), a
human scrology in rural are-as indicates exposure); facility at Abu Ghurayb (33-21-@'4 44-25-XXE),
glanders (sporadic cases have been reported in and the Iraqi Atomic Energy Com@ssion facility
horses, with occasional human exposure, despite an near Baghdad at Tuwaitha also are suspected of
effort to eradicate the disease); sylvatic plague (last biological and toxin agents. Agent testing has been
reported near the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border in reported at a facility located in marshes southeast or
1969, but Presently is not thought lo be endemic; in An Nasiriyab (31-02-41N 46-16-21E).
Iraq, the highlands near the border with Syria histor-
ically have been an en7oo@c focus). A variety of mechanisms are available
to Iraq for dissemination of biological and toxin
(U) Sexually Triznsmitted Diseases -nrough the agents: vehicle transportable aerosol generators,
end of 1989, few cases of AJDS or HIV infections submuni@ons, cluster bombs, spray tan)s for high
have been ofriciall reported; additional cases are performance aircraft, artillery sbells, and various
y
missiles-
MV infection is performed.
(Ul Iraq will likely deploy biological weap-
ons in the aerosol form at night or in the early
9
UNCLASSIFIED
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Document 3 f:/Week-48/BX000530/BIOLOGICAL WARFARE CAPABILITIES/biological warfare capabilities:0103970806305
Control Fields 17
File Room = sep96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-48
Box ID = BX000530
Unit = ARCENT
Parent Organization = CENTCOM
Folder Title = BIOLOGICAL WARFARE CAPABILITIES
Folder Seq # = 24
Subject = BIOLOGICAL WARFARE CAPABILITIES
Document Seq # = 2
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 03-JAN-1997