DIARRHEAL DISEASES

File: 102596_sep96_decls2_0023.txt
Page: 0023
Total Pages: 28

Subject: DIARRHEAL DISEASES                                              

Unit: VAR. BUMED  

Parent Organization: BUMED       

Box ID: BX303811

Folder Title: VARIOUS NAVAL MESSAGES FOLDER 1                                                                 

Document Number:         16

Folder SEQ  #:          2




        I. CommunicabiliLy        VIRAL HEPATITIS
            A. Route
                1. a. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E (epidemic non-A, non-
                         B hepatitis) are contracted by oral ingestion of
                         organisms, typically via infected food or waste,
                         or after physical contact with an           infected
        individual (e.g. hand to hand to mouth, basically
                         fecal-oral).
                      b. Hepatitis A is rarely spread by male homosexual
                         activity, among IV drug abusers or by blood
                         transfusions.

                 2.   Hepatitis B, Hepatitis delta, and Hepatitis C are
                      contracted by exposure to infected blood, blood
                      products, other infected bodily fluids, or by
                      sexual activity. Hepatitis delta occurs as
                      co-infection with acute Hepatitis B or as super-
                      infection with chronic Hepatitis B.

             B.   Isolation
                  1.  Hepatitis A, E: stool precautions, hand washing.
                  2.  Hepatitis B, delta, C = needle, blood, and bodily
                      fluid precautions.
                  3.  In case of clinical uncertainty as to specific viral
                      etiology, implement both types of precautions.
                  4.  Infectiousness is generally greatest during incubation
                      period and early icteric phase of illness, but may
                      persist with Hepatitis B or C for much longer periods.

             C. Contact Prophylaxis
                  1.  Hepatitis A, E = 2-5 ml of immune serum globulin (ISG)
                      IM as soon as possible post-exposure.
                  2.  Hepatitis B = for needle sticks or high risk sexual
                      exposure, 5 ml Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) IM,
                      with simultaneous initiation of Hepatitis B
  vaccination.


        II.  Incubation
             A.   Hepatitis A = 30 days (range: 15-45).
             B.   Hepatitis B = 70 days (range; 30-180).
             C.   Hepatitis C = 50 days (range: 15-150).
             D.   Hepatitis D = less well defined; probably similar to
                  Hepatitis B.
             E.   Hepatitis E = 40 days (range 15-60).

        III. Diagnosis
                  The clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis caused by
                  the various viral agents overlap. Specific diagnosis must
                  usually be based on serology. For any type of viral
                  hepatitis, the spectrum of disease may range from
                  inapparent to fulminant.

Document 28 f:/Week-37/BX303811/VARIOUS NAVAL MESSAGES FOLDER 1/diarrheal diseases:1018961450003
Control Fields 17
File Room = sep96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-37
Box ID = BX303811
Unit = VAR. BUMED
Parent Organization = BUMED
Folder Title = VARIOUS NAVAL MESSAGES FOLDER 1
Folder Seq # = 2
Subject = DIARRHEAL DISEASES
Document Seq # = 16
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 18-OCT-1996