War and Disease

A rush to judgment? Nature 1997; 385 (6613):185.

Abramowicz M. Health problems in the Persian Gulf. Medical Letter 1991; 33:13-15.

Acquisition reform: Multiple-award contracting at six federal organizations (GAO/NSIAD-98-215, Sept. 30, 1998).

Adler J. Medical and surgical issues in the Persian Gulf War: a preliminary review. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20 (3-4):271-276.

Adley R. Naval Party 1036: Its role in the Gulf conflict. J R Nav Med Serv 1992; 78 (2):65-71.

al-Bareeq JM. Health effects of the Gulf War. BMJ 1991; 302 (6785):1154.

Al-Yakoob S, Bou-Olayan AH, Bahloul M. Trace metals in gills of fish from the Arabian Gulf. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1994; 53:718-725.

al-Yakoob SN, Gunderson D, Curtis LR. Effects of the water-soluble fraction of partially combusted crude oil from Kuwait�s oil fires (from Desert Storm) on survival and growth of the marine fish Menidia beryllina. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1996; 35 (2):142-149.

Al-Yakoob SN, Saeed T, al-Hashash H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: exposure assessment for Kuwaiti consumers after the Gulf oil spill in 1991. Environ Int 1994; 20:221-227.

Alloway JA, Older SA, Battafarano DF, Carpenter MT. Persian Gulf War myalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 1998; 25 (2):388-389.

Altenkirch H, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Koeppel C. The neurotoxicological aspects of the toxic oil syndrome (TOS) in Spain. Toxicology 1988; 49 (1):25-34.

Amato AA, McVey A. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):384-385.

Amato AA, McVey A, Cha C. Evaluation of neuromuscular symptoms in veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Neurology 1997; 48 (1):4-12.

Amitai Y, Almog S, Singer R, Hammer R, Bentur Y, Danon YL. Atropine poisoning in children during the Persian Gulf crisis: a national survey in Israel. JAMA 1992; 268 (5):630-632.

Amos D, Hansen R. The physiological strain induced by a new low burden chemical protective ensemble. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68 (2):126-131.

Anand IS, Malhotra RM, Chandrashekhar Y, et al. Adult subacute mountain sickness�a syndrome of congestive heart failure in man at very high altitude. Lancet 1990; 335 (8689):561-565.

Anderlini VC, Muhammad OS, Zarba MA, Fowler SW, P M. Trace metals in marine sediments in Kuwait. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1982; 28:75-80.

Anderson A. Biological weapons research opposed. Nature 1988; 334 (6180):279.

Andrews A. Apple pie and the politics of protest. Political Psychology 1994; 15 (4):785-793.

Annas GJ. Changing the consent rules for Desert Storm. N Engl J Med 1992; 326(11):770-773.

Arkin WM. The Gulf War and its syndrome. Washington Quarterly 1998; 21(2):53-64.

Bacon GC, Rich T, Long ML, Trentalange M. Operation Desert Shield sequel: experience aboard the USNS Comfort during the Persian Gulf conflict. J Clin Anesth 1991; 3 (6):478-479.

Baker EL. Organic solvent neurotoxicity. Annu Rev Public Health 1988; 9:223-232.

Baker MS, Strunk HK. Diving Hazards in the Persian Gulf: US Naval Institute; 1990.

Baker MS, Strunk HK. Medical aspects of Persian Gulf operations: environmental hazards. Mil Med 1991; 156:381-385.

Bakir F, Al-Shahristani H, Al-Rawi NY, Khadouri A, Al-Mufti AW. Indirect sources of mercury poisoning in the Iraqi epidemic. Bull World Health Organ 1976; 53:129-132.

Ball R, Van Wey M. Tuberculosis skin test conversion among health care workers at a military medical center. Mil Med 1997; 162 (5):338-343.

Bar-Ziv J, Goldberg GM. Simple siliceous pneumonoconiosis in Negev Bedouins. Arch Environ Health 1974; 29:121-126.

Beach P, Blanck RR, Gerrity T, et al. Coordinating federal efforts on Persian Gulf War veterans. Federal Practitioner 1995; December 1995:9-11, 15.

Beale P. Gulf illness. BMJ 1994; 308:1574.

Beale P. Gulf War illness: why it took so long to decide to investigate. BMJ 1997; 314 (7086):1041.

Ben Sharar I. Disaster preparation and the functioning of a hospital social work department during the Gulf War. Soc Work Health Care 1993; 18(3-4):147-159.

Bernhard WN, Barish R, al-Ibrahim MS, Flynn JP. War crimes during the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1992; 157 (12):667-669.

Berry C. The Gulf War syndrome. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50 (5):360.

Blackwell J. Thunder in the Desert: The Strategy and Tactics of the Gulf War. New York, NY: Bantam Books; 1991.

Blake GH. The area support medical battalion: a concept validated by Operation Desert Shield/Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158 (11):722-725.

Blanck RR. Further medical information about Persian Gulf War illnesses. Int J Occup Med 1996; 5 (1):79-81.

Blanck RR, Bell WH. Medical support for American troops in the Persian Gulf. N Engl J Med 1991; 324 (12):857-859.

Borkan J, Reis S. Untoward effects of gas masks during the Persian Gulf War. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:582-583.

Borkan J, Shvartzman P, Reis S, Morris AG. Stories from the sealed rooms: patient interviews during the Gulf War. Fam Pract 1993; 10 (2):188-192.

Bove A, Oxler SJ. Medical department operations in a fleet hospital during Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1995; 160 (8):391-395.

Bridging the Gulf. Lancet 1996; 347:341.

Bridging the Gulf in war syndromes. Lancet 1999; 353: 1662-163.

Brunk Q. Nursing at war: catalyst for change. Annu Rev Nurs Res 1997; 15:217-236.

Bu-Olayan AH, Subrahmanyam MN. Accumulation of copper, nickel, lead and zinc by snail, Lunella coronatus and pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata from the Kuwait coast before and after the Gulf War oil spill. Sci Total Environ 1997; 197:161-165.

Burgin E. Influences shaping members' decision making: congressional voting on the Persian Gulf War. Political Behavior 1994; 16 (3):319-342.

Burkle FM Jr, Orebaugh S, Barendse BR. Emergency medicine in the Persian Gulf War--Part 1: preparations for triage and combat casualty care. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23 (4):742-747.

Burkle FM Jr, Newland C, Meister SJ, Blood CG. Emergency medicine in the Persian Gulf War�Part 3: battlefield casualties. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23 (4):755-760.

Burkle FM Jr, Newland C, Orebaugh S, Blood CG. Emergency medicine in the Persian Gulf War�Part 2: triage methodology and lessons learned. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23 (4):748-754.

Buttz CL. Preparations for overseas movement: Lessons learned. Mil Med 1991; 156 (11):639-641.

Caldwell Jr JA. A brief survey of chemical defense, crew rest, and heat stress/physical training issues related to Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1992; 15 (6):275-281.

California hospitals prepare for casualties from Gulf War. Calif Nurse 1991; 87:3.

Campion EW. Disease and suspicion after the Persian Gulf War. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1525-1527.

Cancio LC. Emergency medical training in the 82d Airborne Division. Prehospital Disaster Med 1993; 8 (4):345-348.

Cannon MW, Stoute JA. The battalion medical platoon: a flawed scalpel. Mil Med 1992; 157 (8):414-416.

Cannon T, Neumann JK, Walsh GA. Gulf War syndrome and vasodilatation. Mil Med 1996; 161 (2):A3.

Cannova JV. Case reports: multiple giant cell tumors in patients with Gulf War syndrome. Mil Med 1998; 163 (3):184-185.

Cappucci Jr DT, Flemming SL. Medical observations of malingering in Iraqi enemy prisoners of war during Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1994; 159 (6):462-464.

Cardinal PA. ATLS and the Gulf War. Mil Med 1993; 158 (8):A5.

Cardinal PA. Health service support in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Mil Med 1992; 157 (4):175-179.

Carey ME. A proposal for improving the acquisition of medical data in forward field hospitals. Mil Med 1996; 161 (2):92-96.

Carlisle D. Gulf War: nursing support. Nurs Times 1991; 87 (8):18.

Carlisle D. Gulf War: the vital links. Nurs Times 1991; 87 (9):26-30.

Carmel S, Koren I, Ilia R. Coping with the Gulf War: subculture differences among ischemic heart disease patients in Israel. Soc Sci Med 1993; 37 (12):1481-1488.

Carnall D. Britain investigates Gulf War syndrome. BMJ 1996; 312 (7027):332-333.

Carter BS. Ethical concerns for physicians deployed to Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1994; 159 (1):55-59.

Cawthon MA, Goeringer F, Telepak RJ, et al. Preliminary assessment of computer tomography and satellite teleradiology from Operation Desert Storm. Invest Radiol 1991; 26 (10):854-857.

Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. Health status of Vietnam veterans. I. Psychosocial characteristics. JAMA 1988; 259:2701-2707.

Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. Health status of Vietnam veterans. II. Physical health. JAMA 1988; 259:2708-2714.

Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. Health status of Vietnam veterans. III. Reproductive outcomes and child health. JAMA 1988; 259:2715-2719.

Centers for Disease Control Veterans Health Studies. Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in US Army Vietnam-era veterans. JAMA 1988; 260:1249-1254.

Charp PA. Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. Mil Med 1997; 162 (3):ii.

Chemical and biological defense: Emphasis remains Insufficient to Resolve Continuing Problems. (GAO/NSIAD-96-103, Mar. 29, 1996).

Chemical and biological defense: Protection of critical overseas ports and airfields remains largely unaddressed (GAO/NSIAD-97-9, June 13, 1997).

Cheng Jr P. Outstanding receivables: one effect of Desert Storm. Patient Acc 1991; 14 (3):1, 7.

Chiaramonte JA. And the war goes on. Soc Work 1992; 37 (5):469-470.

Choo V. UK Gulf War syndrome assessment programme deemed appropriate. Lancet 1995; 346:434.

Civilian outbreak of adenovirus acute respiratory disease�South Dakota, 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998; 47 (27):567-50.

Clauw DJ. The "Gulf War syndrome": Implications for rheumatologists. J Clin Rheum 1998; 4 (4):173-174.

Clegg TA. After the storm: medical officer recruiting and retention. Mil Med 1992; 157 (3):149-153.

Coker WJ. A review of Gulf War illness. J Nav Med Ser 1996; 82:141-146.

Coker WJ, Bhatt BM, Blatchley NF, Graham JT. Clinical findings for the first 1000 Gulf war veterans in the Ministry of Defence�s medical assessment programme. BMJ 1999; 318: 290-294.

Collins DL, Harrison G. Spatial disorientation episodes among F-15C pilots during Operation Desert Storm. J Vestib Res 1995; 5 (6):405-410.

Colonian M. Back from the Gulf: An interview with Joseph L. Pfeifer, III, MD. R I Med J 1991; 74 (9):428-429.

Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War. Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995.

Congressional Research Service. Iraq-Kuwait Crisis: A Chronology of Events, July 17, 1990 � December 23, 1991. Washington, DC: The Library of Congress; 1992.

Cotton P. Gulf War symptoms remain puzzling. JAMA 1992; 268:2619.

Cotton P. Military declassifies some Gulf War documents. JAMA 1994; 272 (5):341.

Cotton P. Veterans seeking answers to syndrome suspect they were goats in Gulf War. JAMA 1994; 271:1559-1560, 1561.

Covell K, Rose-Krasnor R, Fletcher K. Age differences in understanding peace, war, and conflict resolution. International Journal Behavioral Development 1994; (4):717-737.

CPPNW criticizes Canadian stance on Persian Gulf War. Can Med Assoc J. Vol. 144:1991:469.

Crawford PE, Armstrong JF, Kernstein MD, Oxler S, Draude TV. Value of the multi-service casualty processing unit in Operation Desert Storm: teamwork and flexibility. Mil Med 1997; 162 (3):165-167.

Currie E. The Gulf War syndrome. BMJ 1995; 310 (6990):1334-1335.

Cusic ME Jr, Bucholtz GA. Al Eskan or pigeon breeder's disease? Mil Med 1993; 158 (1):A5.

Da Costa JM. On irritable heart: a clinical study of a form of functional cardiac disorder and its consequences. Am J Med Sci 1871; 121:2-52.

Daniell FD, Walz SE, Crafton LD, Bolton HT. Field preventive medicine and epidemiological surveillance: The Beirut, Lebanon experience. Mil Med 1985; 150:171-176.

Danon YL, Shemer J. The Persian Gulf War: Israeli medical experience and perspectives. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27:601-704.

David A, Ferry S, Wessely S. Gulf War illness: New American research provides leads but no firm conclusions. BMJ 1997; 314:239-240.

Davies I. Aluminium, neurotoxicology and dementia. Rev Environ Health 1986; 6:251-296.

Daxon EG. Protocol for Monitoring Gulf War Veterans with Imbedded Fragments of Depleted Uranium. Bethesda, Md: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; 1993. AFRRI Technical Report 93-2

Defense Health Care: Medical surveillance has improved since the Gulf War, but results in Bosnia are mixed (GAO/NSAID-97-135, May 13, 1997).

Defense Science Board. Final Report: Defense Science Board Task Force on Persian Gulf War Health Effects. Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology; 1994.

Denholm C. "I am neither general nor diplomat": Reflections on the Persian Gulf War by gifted Canadian adolescents. Adolescence 1995; 30 (118):381-401.

Denton GRW, Burdon-Jones C. Trace metals in fish from the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Pollut Bull 1986; 17:201-209.

Department of Defense. Clinical Evaluation Program for Gulf War Veterans: Preliminary Status Report on the First 1,000 Patients. Washington, DC: Department of Defense; 1994.

Department of Defense. Clinical Evaluation Program for Gulf War Veterans: Second Interim Report on 2,076 Participants. Washington, DC: Department of Defense; 1995.

Department of Defense. Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program for Gulf War Veterans: Report on 10,020 Participants. Washington, DC: Department of Defense; 1995.

Department of Defense. Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program for Gulf War Veterans: Report on 18,598 Participants. Washington, DC: Department of Defense; 1996.

Department of Defense. Conduct of the Persian Gulf War: Final Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Department of Defense; 1992.

Department of Veterans Affairs. Annual Report to Congress: Federally Sponsored Research on Persian Gulf Veterans' Illnesses. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, The Research Working Group of the Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board; 1997.

Department of Veterans Affairs. Returning Persian Gulf Troops: First Year Findings. West Haven, CT: Department of Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center; 1992.

Department of Veterans Affairs. Update on Persian Gulf Research. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service; 1994.

Dervin D. From oily war to holy war: vicissitudes of group-fantasy surrounding the Persian Gulf crisis. Journal Psychohistory 1991; 19 (1):67-83.

Deuster PA. Exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. Womens Health Issues 1996; 6 (6):320-31.

Dewar EP. Primary casualty reception ship: the hospital within�Operation Granby. J R Nav Med Serv 1992; 78:55-64.

Diaz RA, Datena JM. Preparation for Desert Storm: expansion of an overseas Air Force hospital pharmacy to handle casualties. Mil Med 1993; 158:408-410.

Dillingham TR, Spellman NT, Braverman SE, et al. Analysis of casualties referred to Army physical medicine services during the Persian Gulf conflict. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 72:214-218.

Dickinson J. My Gulf War. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1991; 25 (4):347-350.

Dillner L. British ministry condemned for Gulf War response. BMJ 1995; 311 (7016):1320-1321.

Donohue HJ Jr. A combat support hospital in the Gulf War. Physician Exec 1992; 18 (1):129-134.

Dorner F, McDonel JL. Bacterial toxin vaccines. Vaccine 1985; 3:94-102.

Doull J. Specificity and dosimetry of toxicologic responses. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1996; 24:S55-S57.

Dreze J, Ghazdar H. Hunger and Poverty in Iraq. Vol 32. London: London School of Economics; 1991.

Duffy MM. Reflections of a citizen soldier. ANNA J 1991; 18 (4):387-389.

Duncan LE, Stewart AJ. Still bringing the Vietnam War home: sources of contemporary student activism. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1995; 21 (9):914-924.

Dunn DS. Tie a yellow ribbon: a case of social proof during the Persian Gulf crisis. Contemporary Social Psychology 1991; 15 (4):189-190.

Dunnigan JF, Bay A. From Shield to Storm: High-Tech Weapons, Military Strategy, and Coalition Warfare in the Persian Gulf. New York, NY: William Morrow; 1992.

Dyer C. Gulf veteran gets pension for desert fever. Biol Med 1994; 309:1461.

Eddington PG. Gassed in the Gulf. Washington, DC: Insignia Publishing; 1997.

Eldar R. Vulnerability of disabled and elderly in disasters: case-study of Israel during "Desert Storm". Med War 1991; 7 (4):269-274.

Ellis RJ. Immunobiologic Agents and Drugs Available From the Centers for Disease Control: Descriptions, Recommendations, Adverse Reactions, and Serologic Response. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Depart of Health and Human Services; 1982.

Emonson D, Vanderbeek R. The use of amphetamines in US Air Force tactical operations during Desert Shield and Storm. Aviat Space Environ Med; 1995;66:260-263.

Engel CC, Jr., Roy M, Kayanan D, Ursano R. Multidisciplinary treatment of persistent symptoms after Gulf War service. Mil Med 1998; 163 (4):202-208.

Erickson AR, Enzenauer RJ, Bray VJ, West SG. Musculoskeletal complaints in Persian Gulf War veterans. J Clinl Rheum 1998; 4 (4):181-185.

Escalante A, Fischbach M. Musculoskeletal manifestations, pain, and quality of life in Persian Gulf War veterans referred for rheumatologic evaluation. J Rheumatol 1998; 25 (11):2228-2235.

Escalante A, Fischbach M. Searching for the Gulf War syndrome. J Clin Rheum 1998; 4 (4):171-172.

Executive Order 12744: Designation of Arabian Peninsula areas, airspace and adjacent waters as a combat zone. Fed Regist 1991; 56 (15):2663.

Farrar JT. Medical Care Programs for Persian Gulf Veterans, Including Comprehensive Clinical Examination Protocol. Washington, DC: Under Secretary for Health Information, 1994.

Fedele K. The Seabees go to war. Naval Civil Engineer 1991:3-13.

Feldman DC, Thomas DC. From Desert Shield to Desert Storm: Life as an expatriate in Saudi Arabia during the Persian Gulf crisis. Organ Dyn1991; 20 (2):37-46.

Ferrer Jr CF, Bisson RU, French J. Circadian rhythm desynchronosis in military deployments: a review of current strategies. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995; 66 (6):571-578.

Ficarra BJ. Disputanda. Medical mystery: Gulf War syndrome. J Med 1995; 26 (1-2):87-94.

Firshein J. FDA persists in trying out drugs on combat troops. Lancet 1996; 347:532.

Fishbein L. An overview of environmental and toxicological aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons. II. Toluene. Sci Total Environ 1985; 42:267-288.

Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ. Health care delivery in the high-stress environment of chemical and biological warfare. Mil Med 1994; 159 97):524-528.

Flynn JP, Bernhard WN, Mackowiak PA, al-Ibrahim MS, Barish R. Other threats to health in the Persian Gulf region. South Med J 1992; 85 (6):671-672.

Forgas LB, Meyer DM, Cohen ME. Tobacco use habits of naval personnel during Desert Storm. Mil Med 1996; 161 (3):165-168.

Forrest A. The truth is out there. BMJ 1997; 315:1629.

Friedman HD. Two Persian Gulf veterans with lymphadenopathy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996; 120 (5):425.

Furst A. The effects of the Gulf War in Israel�report from a rural family medical practice. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20 (3-4):307-312.

Gambel JM, Hibbs RG. US military overseas research laboratories. Mil Med 1996; 161:638-645.

Gamson WA. Hiroshima, the Holocaust, and the politics of exclusion. Am Sociol Rev 1995; 60:1-20.

Garfield RM, Neugut Al. Epidemiologic analysis of warfare: a historical review. JAMA 1991; 266:688-692.

Garvey BT. "Knock, knock": Social responses to the Gulf War. Contemporary Social Psychology 1991; 15:161-165.

Gavaghan H. NIH panel rejects Persian Gulf syndrome. Nature 1994; 8:369.

Geller JL. Operation Desert Storm and delusions about the war among chronic patients in the community. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1991; 42 (4):419-420.

Geller JL, White C, Fisher W, Sorgi P, Jarvey AM. State hospital patients' views about Operation Desert Storm. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992; 43 (8):833-835.

Gershon AA. Present and future challenges of immunizations on the health of our patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14 (5):445-449.

Getzen TE. The 1990-91 recession: impact on health care. Bus Health 1991; 9 (8):62.

Gilbar O. Worker's Sick Fund (Kupat Holim) hot-line therapeutic first intervention: a model developed in the Gulf War. Soc Work Health Care 1992; 17 (4):45-57.

Glendon MP. Saudi sands, SCUDS, and survival. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 1993; 5 (6):245-248.

Gluck Y. SCUD missile damage to building during the Gulf War. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:326-328.

Golan E, Arad M, Atsmon J, Shemer J, Nehama H. Medical limitations of gas masks for civilian populations: the 1991 experience. Mil Med 1992; 157 (9):444-446.

Golander H, Ehrenfeld M, Bergman R. The Gulf War: reaction and action in institutions for the aged in Israel. J Adv Nurs 1992; 17 (10):1156-1165.

Goldberg J, Eisen S, True W, Henderson W. Health effects of military service: lessons learned from the Vietnam experience. Ann Epidemiol 1992; 2 (6):841-853.

Goldsmith JR. Prevention, gas masks, and sealed rooms: a public health perspective. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:342-346.

Goldsmith MF. Flight surgeon, corpsman among first casualties. JAMA 1991; 265:701.

Goodman NW. Gulf War syndrome and other media "causes". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 1995; 54 (1):46.

Gordon V. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):383.

Gots RE, Schwartz SL, Chaudhry V, Vogel RL. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):385.

Grady EP, Carpenter MT, Koenig CD, Older SA, Battafarano DF. Rheumatic findings in Gulf War veterans. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:367-371.

Graham JT. Gulf Health research. J R Nav Med Serv 1998; 84 (1):3-7.

Graham JT. Investigating Gulf veterans' health concerns. J R Nav Med Serv 1996; 82 (2):113-116.

Greenberg DS. US Gulf War health controversy rages on. Lancet 1996; 348:1729.

Greenberg DS. US presidential Gulf War investigation extended. Lancet 1997; 349 (9046):188.

Greene DA. Locked and loaded: Roger Castle's Gulf War syndrome. N C Med J 1997; 58 (1):48-51.

Greene S. Push for Gulf syndrome research. Nature 1993; 364 (6439):659.

Groshong TD. Scorpion envenomation in eastern Saudi Arabia. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22 (9):1431-1437.

Gulf War casualties. BMJ 1991; 302 (6771):294.

Gulf War illnesses: Enhanced monitoring of clinical progress and of research priorities needed (GAO/T-NSLAD-97-190, June 24, 1997).

Gulf War illnesses: Federal research strategy needs reexamination (GAO/T-NSIAD-98-104, Feb. 24, 1998).

Gulf War illnesses: Procedural and reporting improvements are needed in DOD�s Investigative Processes (GAO/NSIAD-99-59, Feb. 26, 1999).

Gulf War illnesses: Public and private efforts relating to exposures of US personnel to chemical agents (GAO/NSIAD-97-191, June 25, 1997).

Gulf War illnesses: Reexamination of research emphasis and improved monitoring of clinical progress needed (GAO/T-NSIAD-97-191, June 25, 1997.

Gulf War illnesses: Research, clinical monitoring, and medical surveillance (GAO/T-NSIAD-98-99, Feb 5, 1998).

Gulf War proves a hindrance for hospitals. J Med Assoc Ga 1991; 80 (6):331.

Gulf War research given go ahead. BMJ 1997; 314:95.

Gulf War symptoms remain puzzling. JAMA 1992; 268:2619.

Gulf War syndrome. BMJ. 1999; Vol 318: 274-275.

Gulf War veterans: Incidence of tumors cannot be reliably determined from available data (GAO/NSIAD-98-89, Mar. 3, 1998).

Gulf War veterans: Limitations of available data for accurately determining the incidence or tumors (GAO/T-NSIAD-98-186, May 14, 1998).

Gunby P. Desert Shield. JAMA 1991; 265 (2):181.

Gunby P. Desert Shield makes history. JAMA 1991; 265 (1):15.

Gunby P. Desert Storm data compilation continues. JAMA 1991; 265 (16):2045.

Gunby P. Desert Storm moves into eighth week. JAMA 1991; 265 (9):1069.

Gunby P. Desert Storm--moves into history. JAMA 1991; 265 (10):1222.

Gunby P. Desert Storm: Wounded Iraqi war prisoners keep US physicians busy. JAMA 1991; 265 (13):1627.

Gunby P. Environment adds to challenges facing Desert Shield physicians. JAMA 1991; 265 (4):439-440.

Gunby P. Fifth week of Desert Storm fighting brings new challenges for medicine. JAMA 1991; 265 (7):833.

Gunby P. Medical efforts intensify in Desert Storm's fourth week. JAMA 1991; 265 (6):692-693, 697.

Gunby P. Military medicine takes late Gulf War hits; aeromedical evacuation improves as result. JAMA 1994; 271 (7):491.

Gunby P. Physicians provide continuum of care for Desert Storm fighting forces. JAMA 1991; 265 (5):557-559.

Gunby P. Service in strict Islamic nations removes alcohol, other drugs from major problem list. JAMA 1991; 265 (5):560-561.

Gunby P. Spector of ground war overshadows Desert Storm medical, peace efforts. JAMA 1991; 265 (8):946-947.

Gunby P. State of Desert Shield military medicine at deadline time in the Middle East crisis. JAMA 1991; 265 (3):311.

Gunby P. Two years after Iraqi invasion, US military medicine studies Desert Shield/Storm while looking ahead. JAMA 1992; 268 (5):577-578.

Gunby P, Merwick C. Military medical equipment, techniques often required years of preparation. JAMA 1991; 265:1797.

Gunderson DT, Kristanto SW, Curtis LR, al-Yakoob SN, Metwally MM, al-Ajmi D. Subacute toxicity of the water-soluble fractions of Kuwait crude oil and partially combusted crude oil on Menidia beryllina and Palaemonetes pugio. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1996; 31 (1):1-8.

Gupta AK. Accumulation of cadmium in the fishes Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus. Environmental Ecology 1988; 6:577-580.

Habel MB. Reflections from the storming Desert Storm. South Med J 1991; 84 (11):1414-1415.

Hanson R. Desert Storm--home--away from home. MNA Accent 1991; 63 (6):5-6.

Harak GS. After the Gulf War: a new paradigm for the peace movement. Journal Humanistic Psychology 1992; 32 (4):11-40.

Harris RF. Political science. Curr Biol 1997; 7 (4):R204.

Hart J, Weingarten MA, Druckman A. Acute cardiac effects of SCUD missile attacks on a civilian population. Med War 1993; 9:40-44.

The Harvard Study Team. The effect of the Gulf crisis on the children of Iraq. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:977-980.

Hatch MC. Health symptoms in Persian Gulf veterans: where do we go from here? Am J Ind Med 1998; 33 (2):103.

Harvey WT. A flight surgeon's personal view of an emerging illness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1989; 60 (12):1199-1201.

Hawkes WG, Stasson MF. Theory-driven versus data-driven decisions about post-Cold War international crises in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991. Contemporary Social Psychology 1991; 15 (4):191-195.

Hayunga EG, Troumbley PF, Cheung GP. Individual mobilization augmentation: recipe for an effective total force partnership. Mil Med 1995; 160 (10):496-500.

Heaf P, Jones N. Gulf War illness: Family doctors should be aware of assessment programme. BMJ 1997; 314 (7086):1041.

Hennessey JV, Markert RJ, Barnes HV. Operation Desert Shield and Storm: impact on undergraduate and graduate internal medicine education. Mil Med 1993; 158 (12):786-788.

Hepburn NC. Dermatological problems in British troops during the Gulf War. Br J Dermatol 1992; 126:200-206.

Heres EK, Hetherington RG. Anesthesia in the desert: experiences with the US Marines during the Persian Gulf conflict. J Clin Anesth 1992; 4 (5):351-354.

Heskin K, Power V. The determimants of Australians' attitudes during the Gulf War. J Soc Psychol 1993; 134 (3):317-330.

Hill GJ. Medical planning�Desert Shield/Storm. Mil Med 1992; 157:A9.

Hines JF. Ambulatory health care needs of women deployed with a heavy armor division during the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1992; 157:219-221.

Hines JF. A comparison of clinical diagnoses among male and female soldiers deployed during the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1993; 158:99-101.

Hirsch M, Bar-Ziv J, Lehmann E, Goldberg GM. Simple siliceous pneumonoconiosis of bedouin females in the Negev Desert. Clin Radiol 1974; 25:507-510.

Hiss J, Arensburg B. Suffocation from misuse of gas masks during the Gulf War. BMJ 1992; 304:92.

Hiss J, Kahana T, Arensburg B. Suicidal asphyxia by gas mask. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1994; 15:213-215.

Hodges PA, Lyon JM. Perspectives on history: Army dietetics in southwest Asia during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. J Am Diet Assoc 1996; 96 (6):595-597.

Hodgetts TJ, Ratcliffe GE. Gulf medical audit�an analysis of medical casualties evacuated to the UK from the Gulf during Operation Granby. J R Army Med Corps 1992; 138:9-13.

Hoefer Jr RA, Maris CR, Silver LF, Jennings MJ. Training resident surgeons in combat: An experience during the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1992; 157:657-659.

Hoeffler DF, Melton LJ. Changes in the distribution of Navy and Marine Corps casualties from World War I through the Vietnam conflict. Mil Med 1981; 146:776-779.

Hollander DH. Beef allergy and the Persian Gulf syndrome. Med Hypotheses 1995; 45 (3):221-222.

Holt GR. Operation Desert Storm: a Texas physician turns correspondent. Tex Med 1991; 87:14-16.

Horak BJ, Williams RJ, Borton WH. Preparations for war in a Saudi Arabian host nation hospital. Mil Med 1992; 157:342-345.

Horton R. Persian Gulf syndrome puzzle. Lancet 1994; 343:1150-1151.

Howe EG. Medicine and war. N Engl J Med 1992; 327 (15):1098.

Howell GE, Dale RF. The effect of manpower and medical facility reduction on surgical practice during the Gulf conflict 1991. J R Nav Med Serv 1992; 78:145-149.

Hyams KC, Roswell RH. Resolving the Gulf War syndrome question. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148 (4):339-42.

Hyams KC, Wignall FS, Roswell R. War syndromes and their evaluation: from the US Civil War to the Persian Gulf War. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125:398-405.

Hyams KC, Bourgeois AL, Escamilla J, Burans J, Woody JN. The Navy forward laboratory during Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158:729-732.

Hyman ES. Urinary sediment examination and Gulf War syndrome. Am J Med Sci 1998; 316 (6):411-413.

Institute of Medicine. Adequacy of the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program: A Focused Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.

Institute of Medicine, Committee to Review the Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War. Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War: Recommendations for Research and Information Systems. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1996:xii, 193.

Institute of Medicine. Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995.

Iraq: Immunization, Diarrhoeal Diseases. Maternal and Childhood Mortality Survey. Amman, Jordan: UNICEF Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa;1990. Evaluation Series No. 9.

Jagoda A, Potter B, Webb T, Lejeune B. Role of the independent duty corpsman on the USNS Comfort (T-AH 20): the Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm experience. Mil Med 1992; 157:136-139.

Jamal G. Gulf War syndrome�a model for the complexity of biological and environmental interaction with human health. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 1998; 17 (1):1-17.

Jamal GA, Hansen S, Apartopoulos F, Peden A. The "Gulf War syndrome". Is there evidence of dysfunction in the nervous system? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60:449-451.

Joellenbeck LM, Landrigan PJ, Larson EL. Gulf War veterans' illnesses: a case study in causal inference. Environ Res 1998; 79 (2):71-81.

Jones DB. Physicians in the reserves: Operation Desert Storm comes home to Texas. Tex Med 1990; 86:26-30.

Jones TK, Burston WA, Eikenberg S, Leser C, Miller RH, Mock ES. Use of a portable x-ray device during Operation Desert Storm. Gen Dent 1992; 40:210-211.

Joseph SC, The Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program Evaluation Team. A comprehensive clinical evaluation of 20,000 Persian Gulf War veterans. Mil Med 1997; 162:149-155.

Kahn PC, Gochfeld M, Nygren M, et al. Dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue of Agent Orange-exposed Vietnam veterans and matched controls. JAMA 1988; 259:1661-1667.

Kaires P. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278:385.

Kang HK, Dalager NA, Lee KY. Health Surveillance of Persian Gulf War Veterans: A Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Persian Gulf Registry and In-Patient Treatment Files. Washington, DC: Environmental Epidemiology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1995.

Karsenty E, Shemer J, Alshech I, et al. Medical aspects of the Iraqi missile attacks on Israel. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27 (1-2):603-607.

Katz YJ. Conservatism of Israeli Jews and Arabs in the aftermath of the Gulf War. Person Individ Diff 1992; 13 (3):335-336.

Kelley R, Hycke K. Medical threat assessment: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Communicable Disease Report 1990; 3:3-8.

Kelly RJ, Reiber RW. Collateral damage on the home front: the Gulf in America. Journal Social Distress Homeless 1992; 1 (1):95-106.

Keenan WF. Non-surgical medical care of enemy prisoners of war during Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1991; 156:648-651.

Keogh JP. Proposal to the Department of Veterans Affairs Program for Follow-up Monitoring of Gulf War Veterans With Imbedded Fragments of Depleted Uranium. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center; 1993.

Kiefer CW. Militarism and world health. Soc Sci Med 1992; 34 (7):719-724.

Kiser WR. A hospital ethics committee at war: the hospital ship Mercy experience during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 1992; 1:389-392.

Kizer KW. The health of Persian Gulf veterans. JAMA 1995; 273 (23):1817.

Knudson GB. Operation Desert Shield: medical aspects of weapons of mass destruction. Mil Med 1991; 156:267-271.

Kobrick F. Reaction of Vietnam veterans to the Persian Gulf War. Health Soc Work 1993; 18 (3):165-171.

Korcok M. Medicolegal hell in Texas. Can Med Assoc J 1995; 153:963-966.

Korenyi-Both AL, Molnar AC, Korenyi-Both AL, Fidelus-Gort RF. Al Eskan disease: Desert Storm pneumonitis. Mil Med 1992; 157:452-462.

Korenyi-Both AL, Korenyi-Both AL, Juncer DJ. Al Eskan disease: Persian Gulf syndrome. Mil Med 1997; 162 (1):1-13.

Krivda SJ, Roy MJ, Chung RCY, James WD. Cutaneous findings in Gulf War veterans. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132 (7):846-847.

Kroenke K, Koslowe P, Roy M. Symptoms in 18,495 Persian Gulf War veterans. J Occup Environ Med 1998; 40 (6):520-528.

Krosnick JA, Brannon LA. The media and the foundations of presidential support: George Bush and the Persian Gulf conflict. JournalSocial Issues 1993; 49 (4):167-182.

Kvetan V. Operation Desert Storm: task force on disasters and critical care. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:854-856.

Landrigan PJ. Illness in Gulf War veterans: causes and consequences. JAMA 1997; 277 (3):259-261.

Landrigan P. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):387.

Lange WR, Denny SC. Travel to the Persian Gulf: medical guidelines for visitors. Postgrad Med 1992; 91 (2):189-195.

Lashof JC, Cassells JS. Illness among Gulf War veterans: risk factors, realities, and future research. JAMA 1998; 280 (11):1010-1011.

Ledford FF. Medical support for Operation Desert Storm. J US Army Medical Department 1992; 8:3-6.

Lee I, Haines A. Health costs of the Gulf War. BMJ 1991; 303 (6797):303-306.

Lee YT, Alvarez JD, Wilson JA, Harned LB. Operation Desert Storm: clinical experiences at the 13th Evacuation Hospital, a Wisconsin National Guard Unit. Wis Med J 1992; 91 (8):480-482.

Lehane DE, Newberg NR, Beam WE, Jr. Environmental modifications for controlling acute respiratory disease. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 99 (2):139-144.

Lehman DR. Continuing the tradition of research on war: The Persian Gulf War. Journal Social Issues 1993; 49:1-13.

Leisure KM, Nicolson NL, Nicolson GL. Hospitalizations after the Persian Gulf War. Emerg Infect Dis 1998; 4 (4):707-709.

Lentz III CW. Desert, dirt, and duration: the Persian Gulf War experience. J Fla Med Assoc 1992; 79 (5):325-327.

Levy A. Compensation neurosis rides again. Brain Inj1992; 6 (5):401-410.

Levy B. Degree of preparedness of the individual preventive health system during the Gulf War. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:317-320.

Lomax C. Pharmacists stationed in the Persian Gulf. AJHP 1001; 48:458-463.

Longmire AW. The medical care of Iraqi enemy prisoners of war. Mil Med 1991; 156:645-648.

Losicki M. My service in the Gulf War. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med] 1991; 46:7-9.

Lotton RB, Pierson JF, Hoffman W. Experiences of a combat support hospital pharmacy service during Operation Desert Storm. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992; 49:1152-1155.

Ludwig II FE, Horak BJ, Wallace MR, Deafenbaugh MK. Rapid host nation medical deployment. Mil Med 1992; 157:598-601.

Lyon DS. Medical care of women deployed during Desert Storm. South Med J 1996; 89:172-176.

Mabry EW, Munson RA, Richardson LA. The wartime need for aeromedical evacuation physicians: the US Air Force experience during Operation Desert Storm. Aviat Space Environ Med 1993; 64:941-946.

Malone JD, Paige-Dobson B, Ohl C, DiGiovanni C, Cunnion S, Roy MJ. Possibilities for unexplained chronic illness among reserve units deployed in Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. South Med J 1996; 89:1147-1155.

Mandel DR, Axelrod LJ, Lehman DR. Integrative complexity in reasoning about the Persian Gulf War and the accountability to skeptical audience hypothesis. Journal Social Issues 1993; 49 (4):201-215.

Mangelsdorff AD, Moses GR. A survey of Army medical department reserve personnel mobilized in support of Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158 (4):254-258.

Marple R, Lucey C, Kroenke A, et al. A prospective study of concerns and expectations in patients presenting with common symptoms, and the 2 week outcome in patients presenting with common physical complaints. Abstracts Clinical Research 1993; 41:579A.

Martin S. Pharmacy in the Persian Gulf. Am Pharm 1991; MS31:20-21.

Marwick C. VA hospitals prepare for Desert Storm casualties. JAMA 1991; 265 (6):701.

Mather SH. Multiagency efforts for Persian Gulf War veterans. Federal Practitioner 1995; December:7-8.

McAdoo HA. A survey of outpatient visits in a United States Army forward unit during Operation Desert Shield. Mil Med 1997; 162:374-379.

McAlister WH, Wingert TA, Handly MA. US Army reserve optometry mobilization in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Mil Med 1994; 159:442-444.

McCarthy M. US study finds no Gulf War syndrome. Lancet 1995; 346:434.

McKee Jr KT, Berezuk GP, Balady MA. Medicine and war. N Engl J Med 1992; 327 (15):1096-1097.

Medical news and perspectives: Institute of Medicine calls for coordinated studies of Gulf War veterans' health complaints. JAMA 1995; 273 (6):444-445.

Medinger AE, Chat TW, Arabian A, Rohatgi PK. Interpretive algorithms for the symptom-limited exercise test: assessing dyspnea in Persian Gulf War veterans. Chest 1998; 113:612-618.

Meehan SK. The search for solutions: veterinarians explore causes of Gulf War syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208 (12):1945-1946.

Meisel SR, Kutz I, Dayan KI, et al. Effect of Iraqi missile war on incidence of acute myocardial infarction and sudden death in Israeli civilians. Lancet 1991; 338 (8768):660-661.

Menace in the mix. Environ Health Perspect 1995; 103 (9):792-793.

Meth BM, Harviel JD, Bray Jr JG. Operation Desert Shield experience. Crit Care Med 1991; 19 (8):1079-1080.

Milgram N. Israel and the Gulf War: major events and selected studies. Anxietyn Stress Coping 1994; 7:205-215.

Miller G. Does war stress contribute to hypertension? Aust Fam Physician 1993; 22 (5):707-710.

Milner B, Plezia R. Toxic exposure sign: Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Cutis 1995; 55:289-290.

Milner IB, Axelrod BN, Pasquantonio J, Sillanpaa M. Is there a Gulf War syndrome? JAMA 1994; 271:661.

Ministry of Health. National Child Health Survey. Baghdad, Iraq: Ministry of Health; 1990.

Moen BE, Riise T, Todnem K, Fossan GO. Seamen exposed to organic solvents. A cross-sectional study with special reference to the nervous system. Acta Neurol Scand 1988; 78:123-135.

Moloff AL, Lockrow EG. Operational medical support of an aviation brigade deployed in Operation Desert Shield. Mil Med 1991; 156:416-417.

More on Desert Storm. J Emerg Nurs 1992; 18 (4):303-304.

Muller UF, Yahav A, Katz G. Moving places: a glance at the Gulf War from the sealed room. Br J Med Psychol 1993; 66:331-339.

Murphy F, Browne D, Mather S, Scheele H, Hyams KC. Women in the Persian Gulf War: health care implications for active-duty troops and veterans. Mil Med 1997; 162:656-660.

Murray W. Air War in the Persian Gulf. Baltimore, Md: Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1995.

Nakar S, Kahana E, Nir T, Weingarten MA. The influence of SCUD missile attacks on the utilization of ambulatory services in a family practice. Med Confl Surviv 1996: 12: 149-153.

National Gulf War Resource Center. Gulf War Syndrome Self-Help Guide. Washington, DC: National Gulf War Resource Center, Inc; 1997.

National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Workshop Panel: the Persian Gulf experience and health. JAMA 1994; 272:391-396.

National Research Council. Biological Markers in Immunotoxicology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1992.

National Science and Technology Council. A National Obligation: Planning for Health Preparedness for and Readjustment of the Military, Veterans, and Their Families After Future Deployments. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President: Office of Science and Technology Policy; 1998.

Nelson HV, Clegg TA, Ahearn AM. Debt and Desert Shield/Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158 (8):A6-A7.

New Persian Gulf possibilities. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104 (8):819-820.

Nice DS, Hilton S, Malone TA. Perceptions of US Navy medical reservists recalled for Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1994; 159 (1):64-67.

Nightingale SL. Medicine and war. N Engl J Med 1992; 327 (15):1097-1098.

Nixon PG. The grey area of effort syndrome and hyperventilation: from Thomas Lewis to today. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1993; 27 (4):377-383.

Noble D. Back into the storm: reanalyzing health effects of the Gulf War. Anal Chem 1994; 66 (15):805A-808A.

O'Brien C. Britain launches two studies of "Gulf War syndrome"...as minister apologizes for "misleading". Nature 1996; 384 (6610):604.

O'Reilly MJ, Mooney MJ, Modesto V, Byrne M. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: use and preparation for Operation Desert Shield. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1991; 1 (1):50-51.

O'Toole BI, Marshall RP, Grayson DA, et al. The Australian Vietnam veterans health study: I. Study design and response bias. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:307-318.

O'Toole BI, Marshall RP, Grayson DA, et al. The Australian Vietnam veterans health study: II. Self-reported health of veterans compared with the Australian population. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:319-330.

O'Toole BI, Marshall RP, Grayson DA, et al. The Australian Vietnam veterans health study. III. Health of Australian Vietnam veterans and its relationship to combat. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:331-340.

Ochsner MG, Harviel JD, Stafford PW, et al. Development and organization for casualty management on a 1,000 bed hospital ship in the Persian Gulf. J Trauma 1992; 32:501-513.

Office of the Press Secretary. Extension of Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses. Washington, DC: The White House; 1997.

Office of the Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses. Annual Report, November 1996 � November 1997. Washington, DC: US Dept of Defense; 1997.

Operation Desert Storm: Evaluation of the air campaign (GAO/NSIAD-97-134, June 12, 1997).

Oreck SL. Orthopedic surgery in the combat zone. Mil Med 1996; 161:458-461.

Pace JL. Sun, sand, and skin: the Persian Gulf. Int J Dermatol 1991; 30 (4):247-249.

Palinkas LA, Coben P. Disease and non-battle injuries among US Marines in Vietnam. Mil Med 1988; 153 (3):150-155.

Pan Z, Kosicki GM. Voters' reasoning processes and media influences during the Persian Gulf War. Political Behavior 1994; 16 (1):117-156.

Panel urges further research on Gulf War illness, possible increased cancer risks in veterans. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:820-822.

Parmet AJ, Hicks AM. Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file; Case 60: a Gulf War veteran and aviator with an occupational dermatitis [clinical conference]. Aviat Space Environ Med 1994; 65 (7):671-673.

Pehr K, Kornfeld BW. Dermatology in a war zone: a Persian Gulf experience. Int J Dermatol 1992; 31 (7):494-497.

Penchas S. Hadassah hospital preparedness: pre-emergency and emergency phases. Public Health Rev 1992; 20:277-279.

Pennington DW. Fighting words: new medical terms from the Persian Gulf War. N Engl J Med 1991; 324 (24):1746.

Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board. Summary of the Issues Impacting Upon the Health of Persian Gulf Veterans, Version 3.0. Washington, DC: Support Office of the Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board; 1994.

Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board. Unexplained illnesses among Desert Storm veterans: A search for causes, treatment, and cooperation. Report of the Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:262-268.

Phillips D, Halebsky S. The epidemiology of found experiments. JAMA 1995; 273 (15):1221.

Pierce J. The role of the United States Army active component pediatricians in Operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm, and Provide Comfort. Mil Med 1993; 158:105-108.

Pierce PF. Physical and emotional health of Gulf War veteran women. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68 (4):317-321.

Poikonen J. Ethics of war. AJHP 1991; 48:463.

Pohlmann GP. War and medicine in the desert: A report of the 13th Evacuation Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Wis Med J 1991;90:511-516.

Policard A, Collet A. Deposition of siliceous dust in the lungs of the inhabitants of the Saharan regions. Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med 1952; 5:527-534.

Porter HO. Aviators intoxicated by inhalation JP-5 fuel vapors. Aviat Space Environ Med 1990; 61:654-656.

Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses. Final Report, December 1996. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1996.

Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses. Interim Report, February 1996. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1996.

Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses. Special Report, November 1997. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1997.

Public health consequences of acute displacement of Iraqi citizens, March�May 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1991; 40:443-446.

Radhakrishnaiah K. Accumulation of copper in the organs of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), on exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of copper. J Environ Biol 1988; 9:319-326.

Ramon M. Self-help organizations in an emergency: the Gulf War. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:339-341.

Rappaport SM. Threshold limit values, permissible exposure limits and feasibility: the bases for exposure limits in the United States. Am J Ind Med 1993; 23:683-694.

Ray D, Banerjee SK, Chatterjee M. Bioaccumulation of nickel and vanadium in tissues of the catfish Clarias batrachus. J Inorg Biochem 1990; 38:169-173.

Raylor D. Pastoral care: the chaplain�s perspective. J Nurs Adm 1990; 20: 15-19.

Red alert�biosensor identifies bacteria in the air. Anal Chem 1998; 70 (19):635A.

Reiber H, Davey B. Desert Storm syndrome and immunization. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156 (2):217.

Reiber KB, Burns AC, Oxley DW, Gormely WT. The medical examiner in war. J Forensic Sci 1995; 40:197-200.

Reid SD, McDonald DG. Metal binding activity of the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 1991; 48:1061-1068.

Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Persian Gulf War Health Effects. Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology;1994.

Report to Congress, United States Gulf Environmental Technical Assistance. Washington, DC: Gulf Task Force, US Environmental Protection Agency;1991.

Resolution: from the Gulf War to peace and disarmament. J Public Health Policy 1991; 12 (3):397-398.

Revell T. The Gulf War syndrome. BMJ 1995; 310 (6986):1073.

Rew D, Scott SD. Gulf War casualties revised. BMJ 1993; 306 (3884):1071.

Richards AL, Hyams KC, Merrell BR, et al. Medical aspects of Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:970.

Richter ED. Community response to disasters�review of WHO literature. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:347-359.

Richter ED. Fewer injuries but more deaths from road accidents during the Persian Gulf War. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27:631-635.

Richter E. Introduction, In the Gulf War crisis: what Israel learned about community health needs. Public Health Rev 1992-1993:20:265-270.

Riley B, Mahoney P. Battlefield trauma life support: its use in the resuscitation department of 32nd Field Hospital during the Gulf War. Mil Med 1996; 161:542-546.

Riley EB. Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. History of Participation by the US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency. (7 August 1990 - 31 December 1991: Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md: US Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, 1992.

Rippa B. Groups in Israel during the Gulf War. Group Analysis 1994; 27:87-94.

Rivkind A, Barach P, Israeli A, Berdugo M, Richter Ed. Emergency preparedness and response to Israel during the Gulf War. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 30: 513-521.

Roberts J. Debate over US Gulf War syndrome continues. BMJ 1994; 309 (3966):1392-1393.

Roberts J. Gulf War syndrome needs coordinated study. BMJ 1995; 310 (6972):77.

Roberts J. New US theory on Gulf War syndrome. BMJ 1996; 310:1058.

Roberts J. US report denies that Gulf War syndrome is disease. BMJ 1995; 311 (7002):406.

Roberts J. US responds to new suggestion of Gulf War syndrome. BMJ 1996; 312 (7047):1629.

Robin N. Gulf War: health visitors� skills in demand. Health Visit 1991; 64:71.

Robinson A. Veterans worry that unexplained medical problems a legacy of service during Gulf War. Can Med Assoc J 1995; 152 (6):944-947.

Roesijadi G, Klerks PL. Kinetic analysis of cadmium binding to metallothionein and other intracellular ligands in oyster gills. J Exp Zool 1989; 251:1-12.

Role of the Persian Gulf Veterans� Coordinating Board in scientific evaluation of research proposals and the funding recommendations made by its research working group. (GAO/NSIAS-98-170R, Aug. 10, 1998).

Romeo M, Gnassia-Barelli M. Donax trunculus and Venus verrucosa as bioindicators of trace metal concentrations in Mauritanian coastal waters. Marine Biol 1988; 99:223-227.

Rook GAW, Zumla A. Gulf War syndrome: is it due to a systemic shift in cytokine balance towards a Th2 profile? Lancet 1997; 349:1831-1833.

Rosenbaum M, Benyosef S. "The more I know about the war the more I fear" Information seeking and resourcefulness during the Gulf War in Israel. Journa Social Clinical Psychology 1995; 14 (3):205-225.

Rotenberg Z, Noy S., Gabbay U. Israeli ED experience during the Gulf War. Am J Emerg Med 1994; 12:188-189.

Rothberg JM, Koshes RJ, Shanahan J, Christman K. Mobilization and rejection of Individual Ready Reserve personnel in Operations Desert Shield/Storm at a US Army quartermaster post. Mil Med 1995; 160 (5):240-242.

Roy MJ, Chung RCY, Huntley DE, Blanck RR. Evaluating the symptoms of Persian Gulf War veterans. Federal Practitioner 1994; October:13-22.

Roy MJ, Koslowe PA, Kroenke K, Magruder C. Signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions in Persian Gulf War veterans: findings from the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program. Psychosom Med 1998; 60:663-668.

Rubinstein A, Koffler M, Villa Y, Graff E. The Gulf War and diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1993; 10 (8):774-776.

Rustam H, Von Burg R, Amin-Zaki L, El Hassani S. Evidence for a neuromuscular disorder in methylmercury poisoning. Arch Environ Health 1975; 30:190-195.

Sachs Z, Danon YL, Dycian R, Shapiro Y. Community coordination and information centers during the Persian Gulf War. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27 (11-12):696-700.

Sadiq M, al-Thagafi KM, Mian AA. Preliminary evaluation of metal contamination of soils from the Gulf War activities. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1992; 49:633-639.

Sadiq M, McCain JC, Texas Christian University Dept of Geology. The Gulf War Aftermath: An Environmental Tragedy. Environment & Assessment. Vol 4. Dordrecht ; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993:xiv, 298.

Sadiq M, Zaidi TH. Metal concentrations in the sediment of the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1985; 34:565-571.

Saeed T, al-Yakoob S, al-Hashash H, al-Bahloul M. Preliminary exposure assessment for Kuwaiti consumers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood. Environ Int 1995; 21:255-263.

Satava RM. Surgical endoscopy during the Gulf War. Surg Endosc 1991; 5:219-220.

Sato N, Obeid O, Brun T. Malnutrition in southern Iraq. Lancet 1991; 338:1202.

Schlesinger N. Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses. JAMA 1997; 278 (5):383.

Schubert FN, Kraus TL. The Whirlwind War. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, US Army; 1995.

Schuchardt EJ. Walking a thin line: distinguising between research and medical practice during Operation Desert Storm. Spec Law Dig: Health Care Law 1993; 177:9-47.

Scurfield RM. The collusion of sanitization and silence about war: aftermath of "Operation Desert Storm" J Trauma Stress 1992; 5 (3):505-512.

Secord E, Claude S, Newton C. War souvenir poisoning. Am J Dis Child 1991; 1445:724.

Shapira Y, Marganitt B, Roziner I, Shochet T, Bar Y, Shemer J. Willingness of staff to report to their hospital duties following an unconventional missile attack: a state-wide survey. Isr J Med Sci 1991; 27:704-711.

Shappell SA, Neri DF. Effect of combat on aircrew subjective readiness during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Int J Aviat Psychol 1993; 3 (3):231-252.

Shemer J, Heller O, Danon YL. Civilian-military health services contingency program for a mass casualty situation and wartime in Israel. Isr J Med Sci 1991;27:613-615.

Shohat T, Heering SL, Slepon R, et al. Rapid method for mapping morbidity and mortality during epidemics. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:297-302.

Siebert GW, Klimt CR, Baskaran TS, Faunce DL. Emergency department duty: a training model for the future. Mil Med 1991; 156:612-615.

Siegel SA, Rosner E. Preparing visually impaired Israelis for the Persian Gulf War. Journal Visual Impairment Blindness 1994; 88 (2):113-116.

Silverberg DS, Freedman ZLY, Laor N, Sofer E. The management of Tel Aviv population made homeless by missile attacks. Public Health Rev 1992-1993; 20:323.

Silverberg DS, Sofer E. Role of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipal workers in the treatment of survivors of missile blasts. Isr J Med Sci 1991: 27:701-703.

Skolnick A. Desert Storm: medical airlift was ready. JAMA 1991; 265 (12):1497, 1501.

Skolnick A. Concerns grow about allied prisoners of war. JAMA 1991; 265 (6):701-702.

Skovmand J. Danes to study Gulf War symptoms. Lancet 1997; 349:112.

Slater P. The Gulf War and mortality in Israel. Lancet 1991; 338 (8778):1336.

Smith BM. Nationalism, ethnocentrism, and the new world order. Journal Humanistic Psychology 1992; 32 (4):76-91.

Smith MC, Zaidi S. Malnutrition in Iraqi children following the Gulf War: results of a national survey. Nutr Rev 1993; 51 (3):74-78.

Smith RS, Bardwil MF, Culp R. Successful treatment of multiple organ system failure in a wartime environment: a case from Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1992; 157: 674-676.

Souka HM. Management of Gulf War casualties. Br J Surg 1992; 79:1307-1308.

Southern PM, Jr., Patel S, Gander RM. Does examination of urinary sediment identify individuals with Gulf War syndrome? A pilot study. Am J Med Sci 1998; 315 (4):225-229.

Spain J. Challenges facing pharmacy practice during Operation Desert Storm. Hosp Pharm 1993;28:317-318, 320-322, 334.

Spencer L. Colonel Alm recounts vital role of veterinarians in Persian Gulf conflict. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991; 199:305-309.

Spencer PS, Ludolph AC, Kisby GE. Neurologic diseases associated with use of plant components with toxic potential. Environ Res 1993; 62:106-113.

Spencer PS, Schaumburg HH. Organic solvent neurotoxicity. Facts and research needs. Scand J Work Environ Health 1985; 11:53-60.

Stanton MD, Figley CR. Treating the Vietnam veteran within the family system. In: Figley C, ed. Stress Disorders Among Vietnam Veterans. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel; 1978:281-295.

Steinweg KK. Mobile surgical hospital design: lessons from 5th MASH surgical packages for Operations Desert Shield/Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158:733-739.

Stires LK. The Gulf "War" as a sanctioned massacre. Contemporary Social Psychology 1991; 15:139-143.

Stong GC, Hope JW, Kalenian MH. Medical evacuation experience of two 7th Corps medical companies supporting Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158:108-113.

Straus S. Bridging the Gulf in war syndromes. The Lancet 1999; 353 (9148).

Stretch RH, Bliese PD, Marlowe DH, Wright KM, Knudson KH, Hoover CH. Physical health symptomatology of Gulf War-era service personnel from the states of Pennsylvania and Hawaii. Mil Med 1995; 160:131-136.

Suedfeld P, Wallace MD, Thachuk KL. Changes in integrative complexity among Middle East leaders during the Persian Gulf crisis. Journal Social Issues 1993; 49 (4):183-199.

Sullivan P. Gulf deployment highlights need for stronger medical reserve, military says. Can Med Assoc J 1991; 144 (4):471-474.

Summerfield D. The social, cultural, and political dimensions of contemporary war. Med Confl Surviv 1997; 13:3-25.

Sunshine J. Gulf War illness: entitlement politics jostle medical science. Federal Practitioner 1997; February:71-72.

Sunshine J. Gulf War illness: increased federally funded research. Federal Practitioner 1998:69-70.

Sunshine J. Gulf War illness research yields findings. Federal Practitioner 1998.

Sunshine J. Gulf War illnesses revisited. Federal Practitioner 1996; September :72, 75.

Sunshine J. Syndrome? What syndrome? Federal Practitioner 1995; December: 39-40.

Sved L. Inter-operability of health services of the coalition forces: the Hungarian military hospital�s experience in the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1994; 159:95-98.

Swansbrough RH. A Kohutian analysis of President Bushs personality and style in the Persian Gulf crisis. Political Psychology 1994; 15 (2):227-276.

Tiedt, TN. The Nuremberg Code, informed consent, and involuntary treatment. JAMA 1997;277:712-714.

Torok PG, Roley E, Davis DL. Ophthalmomyiasis during Operation Desert Shield. Mil Med 1991; 156:438-439.

Travis MT, Cosio MQ. A retrospective review of orthopedic patients returning from Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to an Army medical center. Mil Med 1993; 158:348-351.

Update on Gulf War illness. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105 (5):474-476.

US Army Medical Research D, Acquisition and Logistics Command. The General Well-Being of Gulf War Era Service Personnel From the States of Pennsylvania and Hawaii: A Survey. Arlington, Va: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense � Health Affairs, the Pentagon; 1994.

US General Accounting Office. Defense Health Care: Efforts to Address Health Effects of the Kuwait Oil Well Fires. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1992.

US General Accounting Office. Operation Desert Storm: Improvements Required in the Navys Wartime Medical Care Program. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1993.

US General Accounting Office. Operation Desert Storm: Potential for Reproductive Dysfunction Is Not Being Adequately Monitored. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1994.

US General Accounting Office. Operation Desert Storm: Health Concerns of Selected Indiana Persian Gulf War Veterans. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1995.

US General Accounting Office. Defense Health Care: Medical Surveillance Improved since Gulf War, but Mixed Results in Bosnia. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1997.

US General Accounting Office. Gulf War Illnesses: Improved Monitoring of Clinical Progress and Reexamination of Research Emphasis Are Needed. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1997.

US General Accounting Office. Operation Desert Storm: Evaluation of the Air Campaign. Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office; 1997.

US Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Report of the Special Investigation Unit on Gulf War Illnesses, One Hundred Fifth Congress, S. Prt. 105-39, Part I. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1998.

VA Health Care: Better integration of services could improve Gulf War veteran�s care (GAO/HEHS-98-197, Aug. 19, 1998).

VA health care: Observations on medical care provided to Persian Gulf Veterans (GAO/T-HEHS-97-158, June 19, 1997).

VA health care: Persian Gulf dependents� medical exam program ineffectively carried out (GAO/HEHS-98-108, Mar. 31, 1998).

Vallyathan V, Shi X, Dalal NS, Irr W, Castranova V. Generation of free radicals from freshly fractured silica dust: potential role in acute silica-induced lung injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138:1213-1219.

van der Voort THA, van Lil JE, Vooijs MW. Watching the Gulf War: news diffusion and educational effects. Medienpsychologie 1992; 4 (2):90-103.

Veer MP, Bhat UG, Shanmukhappa H. Copper, chromium and manganese in some fishes of Kali Estuary, Karwar. Fish Technol Soc Fish Technol Cochin 1990; 27:112-114.

Veggeberg S. Unexplained illnesses not unique to Gulf War veterans. Mol Med Today 1995; 1:299.

Veterans� benefits: Improvements made to Persian Gulf claims processing (GAO/T-HEHS-98-99, Feb. 5, 1998).

Veterans� Compensation: Evidence Considered in Persian Gulf War Undiagnosed Illness Claims. Washington, DC: HEHS: 1996. HEHS pub 96-112, May 28, 1996.

Wadman M. Critics claim US inquiry was �irreparably flawed�. Nature 1997; 390 (6655):4.

Wagner M. Low supply plus military need equals blood-product shortage. Mod Healthc 1991;21:30.

Wasserman GM, Martin BL, Hyams KC, Merrill BR, Oaks HG, McAdoo HA. A survey of outpatient visits in a United States Army Forward Unit during Operation Desert Shield. Mil Med 1997; 162 (6):374-379.

Wattendorf JM. The Army soldier in a prewar desert environment: observations from Desert Shield. Social Science Quarterly 1992; 73 (2):276-279.

Wegman DH, Woods NF, Bailar JC. Invited commentary: how would we know a Gulf War syndrome if we saw one? Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146 (9):704-711.

Wester RC, Quan D, Maibach HI. In vitro percutaneous absorption of model compounds glyphosate and malathion from cotton fabric into and through human skin. Food Chem Toxicol 1996; 34:731-735.

White C. Operation Desert Shield. Postgrad Med 1990; 88 (8):31.

White CS, Adler WH, McGann VG. Repeated immunization: possible adverse effects. Reevaluation of human subjects at 25 years. Ann Intern Med 1974; 81:594-600.

WHO statement on the oil spill in the Gulf. Cent Afr J Med 1991; 37 (6):194.

Wickelgren I. Rat model for Gulf War syndrome? Science 1997; 278 (5342):1404.

Williams CM. The veteran system-with a focus on woman partners: theoretical considerations, problems, and treatment strategies. In: Williams T, ed. Post Traumatic Stress Disorders of Vietnam Veterans. Cincinnati, OH: Disabled American Veterans; 1980:73-124.

Wintermeyer SF, Cremins JE, Pina JS, Heier JS. The inpatient experience of a US Army combat support hospital in the Persian Gulf during noncombat and combat periods. Mil Med 1994; 159:746-751.

Wintermeyer SF, Cremins JE, Pina JS, Heier JS. Medical care of Iraqis at a forwardly deployed US Army hospital during Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1996; 161 (5):294-297.

Wolfe J, Proctor SP, Davis JD, Borgos MS, Friedman MJ. Health symptoms reported by Persian Gulf War veterans two years after return. Am J Ind Med 1998; 33 (2):104-113.

Yehuda R, Teicher M, Giller E. Lack of significant cortisol and growth hormone changes in Israeli civilians during the Gulf War. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152 (4):652-653.

Yerkes SA. The "un-comfort-able" zone: Making sense of adaptation in a war zone. Mil Med 1993; 158 (6):421-423.

Zaloznik AJ, Stinson KR, Rennie DS. National Guard training: Fort Irwin MEDDAC experience during Operation Desert Storm. Mil Med 1993; 158:424-426.

Zeidner M, Ben-Zur H. Coping with a national crisis: Israeli experience with the threat of missile attacks. Personality Individual Differences 1993; 14 (3):209-224.

Zonn IS. The Gulf War and the problem of desertification. Probl Osvo Pustyn 1991; 3-4:133-144.

Zuziak P. Military veterinarians key public health role in Operation Desert Shield. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197 (10):1265-1267.


Return to Table of Contents