90                          HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN IRAQ, 1991:


    Marine emphasis on rapid planning paid off when the CMAGTF staff
published two entirely different operation orders and an additional fragmentary
order  within two  weeks. Marine  flexibility was shown when  staff non-
commissioned officers were unexpectedly called upon to fill key staff billets in
fl~e command center because the officers were needed to be team leaders in the
field. The CMAGTF also demonstrated its ability to work in a joint and
combined service environment. The Marines of CMAGTF 1-91 worked with
U.S. Special Forces, British Royal Marines, Dutch Marines, and French soldiers.
Professional relationships and feelings of mutual respect were established all
around.  Lieutenant Colonel Bailey noted that morale was high throughout
Operation Provide Comfort. The CMAGTF suffered no fatalities because safety
and common sense prevailed under the most difficult conditions. Contingency
MAGTF 1-91 returned to Okinawa on 3 July 1991109
    Although the Marine movement    went  smoothly, General Shalikashvili
encountered some unanticipated problems. After learning of plans to pull out, the


                                       Paintii0g by Co Peter M. "Mike" Gisb, U5MCR
American and Western European forces built a series of k~nporart refugee relocation camps
turoughout northern Iraq in April to encourage the Kurds to come down from their mountain
hideouts in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.