File: 950825_22tr0109_143.txt
Page: 143
Total Pages: 1
Filename:22tr0109.143 ********************************************* This document is a captured Iraqi military record. It is provided in its original form to include Iraqi classification markings (i.e. Top Secret, Secret, etc.). These classification markings are NOT U.S. Government markings. ********************************************* Official Special Manual No. 469 May not be circulated out of the Armed Forces Manual for the tactical use of weapons of mass destruction Volume Two - Part One Principles of using chemical and biological agents in wars This manual replaces the manual (Principles of using toxic chemical and biological agents) number 469 for 1980 and the manual (Defense against a chemical and biological warfare) number 230 for 1969. General Staff of the Army Training Department First Copy Directorate of the Chemical Corps December - 1987 Number Amendments Date Entered Distribution Quantity Quantity (A) 5 copies as a basic material for each department, directorate, and institution. Quantity (B) 5 copies as a basic material for commands and formations. Quantity � 300 copies to the corps school and training center. Quantity (D) 2 copies for each unit, sub unit, or equivalent in the corps. Official Special Manual No. 469 May not be circulated out of the Armed Forces Manual for the tactical use of weapons of mass destruction Volume Two - Part One Principles of using chemical and biological agents in wars This manual replaces the manual (Principles of using toxic chemical and biological agents) number 469 for 1980 and the manual (Defense against a chemical and biological warfare) number 230 for 1969. General Staff of the Army Training Department First Copy Directorate of the Chemical Corps December - 1987 The finest minds are those that learn from other people�s experience. There are sufficient experiences of people and nations to cope with life in peace and at war. President / Commander Saddam Hussein Order This manual was published to train members of the Armed Forces. Therefore, they all have to carefully abide by its regulations. [Signature] Ministry of Defense - Baghdad Lieutenant General / Special Forces December - 1987 Nizaar Abdul Kareem Faysal Al-Khazragi Army Chief of Staff Contents ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Chapter Subject Page ______________________________________________________________________________ One ___ Chemical Warfare 9 One Development of the Chemical Threat 11 Two Classifying and spreading toxic chemical agents Their purpose 13 Three Types, properties, preventive measures and decontamination of toxic chemical agents 17 Nerve agents... Blister agents.... Choking agents.... General effect agents (Blood agents) Tear agents Sneezing agents (Vomiting) Psycho chemicals (Incapacitating agents) Four Agents that affect the use of the toxic chemical agents 33 Five Analysis of the chemical target and fire plan 41 Six Tactical matters that affect the use of toxic chemical agents 45 in combat fields and special battles. Seven The chemical defense.... 53 Two __ The biological warfare ... 61 Eight Introduction to the history of biological warfare 63 Nine Classifying and spreading biological agents 65 Ten Characteristics and properties of the biological agents, 69 Methods of dispersion, and difference between biological agents and toxic chemical agents. Eleven The military use of the biological agents 72 Twelve Defense against chemical and biological weapons 74 Annexes Annex (A) Glossary of chemical and biological warfare 79 Annex (B) Types and properties of common toxic chemical agents 88 Their (safety/decontamination/detection/dispersion) measures Contents ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Chapter Subject Page ______________________________________________________________________________ and infection symptoms Annex � Spreading toxic chemical agents .... 92 Appendix (1): Weapons that are available in the United 102 Kingdom to spread toxic chemical agents. Appendix (2): Description of the chemical mines.... 103 Annex (D) Information for the troops� safety (Safety report for troops 104 from chemical attacks) Appendix (1): Dangerous distances (measured in meters) of 106 non persistent nerve agents with the wind for the unwarned troops (sudden attack) Appendix (2): Dangerous distances and duration of toxic 107 chemical agents. Table Number (1): Downwind safe distance from the 107 fumes upon the attack. Table Number (2): Downwind safe distance from the 108 fumes after the attack. Table Number (3): Danger period of liquid toxic chemical 109 Agents in the contaminated area. Annex (E) Effects of the weather conditions and the nature of the 110 ground on the use of toxic chemical agents. Appendix (1) Sample of chemical (biological / radiation) 116 weather forecast Annex (F) Evaluating losses of chemical attacks 119 Appendix (1) Average losses upon using non persistent 120 nerve agents Appendix (2): Average losses upon using persistent toxic 121 chemical agents. Table Number (1): Average losses upon using persistent 121 nerve agents. Table Number (2): Average losses upon using blister 122 agents� fumes. Table Number (3): Average losses upon using persistent 123 toxic chemical agents by spraying from aircrafts. Annex (G) Equipment of the chemical defense 124 Annex (H) Chemical training aids 128
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