Nuclear²

• With sufficient black-market uranium or plutonium, could fabricate a nuclear weapon within one year.
• If United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) inspections were to be terminated, could produce weapons-grade fissile material within several years.
• Retains large and experienced pool of nuclear scientists and technicians.
• Retains nuclear weapons design, and may retain related components and software.
• Repeatedly violated its obligations under the NPT, which it ratified on 10/29/69.
• Repeatedly violated its obligations under United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 687, which mandates destruction of Iraq's nuclear weapon capabilities.
• Until its termination by Coalition air attacks and UNSCOM removal programs, Iraq had an extensive nuclear weapons development program, with 10,000 personnel and a multi-year budget totaling approximately $10 billion.
• In 1990, Iraq also launched a crash program to divert reactor fuel under IAEA safeguards to produce nuclear weapons.

Chemical³

• May retain stockpile of chemical weapon (CW) munitions, including special chemical/biological al-Hussein ballistic missile warheads, 2,000 aerial bombs, 15,000-25,000 rockets, and 15,000 artillery shells.
• Believed to possess sufficient precursor chemicals to produce hundreds of tons of mustard gas, VX, and other nerve agents.
• Retains sufficient technical expertise to revive CW programs within months.
• Repeatedly used CW against Iraqi Kurds in 1988 and against Iran in 1983-1988 during the Iran-Iraq war.
• An extensive CW arsenal–including 38,537 munitions, 690 tons of CW agents, and over 3,000 tons of CW precursor chemicals–has been destroyed by UNSCOM.
• Repeatedly violated its obligations under UNSC Resolution 687, which mandates destruction of Iraq's chemical weapon capabilities.
• Not a signatory of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Biological⁴

• Iraq's claim that it destroyed biological weapon (BW) munitions unilaterally– including 157 R-400 aerial bombs and all of its special chemical/biological Al-Hussein warheads–has not been verified by UNSCOM.
• May retain biological weapon sprayers for Mirage F-1 aircraft.
• May retain mobile production facility with capacity to produce dry biological agents (i.e., with long shelf life and optimized for dissemination).
• Has not accounted for 17 tons of BW growth media.
• Maintains technical expertise and equipment to resume production quickly of anthrax, botulinum toxin, aflatoxin, and Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene).
• BW prepared for missile and aircraft delivery during 1990-1991 Gulf War.
• Conducted research on BW dissemination using unmanned aerial vehicles.
• Repeatedly violated its obligations under UNSC Resolution 687, which mandates destruction of Iraq's biological weapon capabilities.
• Ratified the BTWC on 4/18/91, as required by the Gulf War cease-fire agreement.

Ballistic missiles⁵

• May retain components for dozens of Scud-B and al-Hussein missiles, as well as indigenously produced Scud missile engines.
• If UNSCOM inspections were to be terminated, could resume production of al-Hussein missiles within one year.
• Maintains clandestine procurement network to import missile components.
• Launched 331 Scud-B missiles at Iran during the Iran-Iraq war, and 189 al-Hussein missiles at Iranian cities during the 1988 "War of the Cities."
• Developing Ababil-100 with 150km range and 300kg payload, flight-testing al-Samoud with 140km range and 300kg payload, and producing Ababil-50 with 50km range and 95kg payload.

Cruise missiles⁶

• C-601/Nisa 28 with 95km range and 513kg payload.
• HY-2 Silkworm with 95km range and 513kg payload.
• SS-N-2c Styx with 80km range and 513kg payload.
• Exocet AM-39 with 50km range and 165kg payload.
• YJ-1/C-801 with 40km range and 165kg payload.

Other delivery systems⁷

• Fighter and ground attack forces include approximately 300 fixed-wing aircraft, consisting of Su-25, Su-20, Su-7, MiG-29, MiG-25, MiG-23BN, MiG-21, Mirage F1EQ5, and F-7.
• Ground systems include artillery and rocket launchers, notably 500+ FROG-7 artillery rockets and 12-15 launchers, with 70km range and 450kg payload.