[1] Tab A contains acronyms, abbreviations, and a glossary.
[2] This facility also has been called Tallil Airfield or Al Tallil Airfield (Iraq's documentation).
[3] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iraqi Chemical Warfare (CW) Facilities and Storage Areas," December 28, 1990, p. 1, 6.
[4] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses," An Nasiriyah Southwest Ammunition Storage Point, Final Report" (Case Narrative), January 10, 2000, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/an_nasiriyah_ii/.
[5] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iraqi Air Force Capability to Deliver Chemical Weapons," December 1, 1990, p. 1-3.
[6] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iran-Iraq Frontline," undated, p. 3.
[7] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iraqi Air Force Capability to Deliver Chemical Weapons," December 1, 1990, p. 2.
[8] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "IIR 6 021 0196 96, Iraqi Fallujah, Khamisiyah, and An Nasiriyah Chemical Warfare Related Sites," May 1996, p. 4-5.
[9] Central Intelligence Agency, Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force, "Khamisiyah: A Historical Perspective on Related Intelligence," April 9, 1997, p. 4.
[10] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iraqi Chemical Warfare (CW) Facilities and Storage Areas," December 28, 1990, p. 1-2.
[11] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Iraqi Chemical Warfare (CW) Facilities and Storage Areas," December 28, 1990, p. 1, 6.
[12] Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, Gulf War Air Power Survey, Volume I, "Planning and Command and Control," US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993, p. 146-147.
[13] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "BW/CW Bunkers," February 16, 1991, p. 1.
[14] Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, Gulf War Air Power Survey, Volume II, "Operations and Effects and Effectiveness," US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993, p. 33-34.
[15] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "Response To RII-2093, Location Of All Iraqi CW/BW Contamination Sites And Ammo Storage Areas In The KTO," February 7, 1991, p. 1.
[16] XVIII Airborne Corps message, Subject: "Captured Chemical and Biological Munitions," February 27, 1991.
[17] 197th Infantry Brigade, "Operation Desert Storm Summary of Operations, January 17 - March 10, 1991," April 24, 1991, p. 8.
[18] Lead Report 6500, Interview of commander, 2nd Battalion, 69th Armor, May 19, 1997.
[19] 197th Infantry Brigade, "Operation Desert Storm Summary of Operations, January 17 - March 10, 1991," April 24, 1991, p. 14.
[20] 197th Infantry Brigade, "Operation Desert Storm Summary of Operations, January 17 - March 10, 1991," April 24, 1991, p. 8.
[21] "FRAGO 74 to XVIII Airborne Corps Operations Order Desert Storm," February 27, 1991.
[22] XVIII Airborne Corps SITREP, February 28, 1991.
[23] "FRAGO 78 to XVIII Airborne Corps Operations Order Desert Storm," February 28, 1991.
[24] "505th Parachute Infantry Regimental History, Operation Desert Shield/Storm," undated, p. K-5.
[25] Memorandum from 307th Engineer Battalion operations officer to 82nd Airborne Division commander, Subject: "307th Engineer Battalion Desert Storm Narrative," June 3, 1991, p. 3.
[26] Lead Report 6500, Interview of commander, 2nd Battalion, 69th Armor, May 19, 1997.
[27] 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, "Incident Journal (Desert Storm)," April 1, 1991.
[28] 82nd Airborne Division chemical officer handwritten message, March 23, 1991.
[29] Transcript of Proceedings, "Interviews Concerning Activities at Khamisiyah, Iraq in March 1991," conducted by the Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, May 6, 1997, p. 11.
[30] Lead Report 10168, Interview of Fox vehicle operator, December 18, 1997, p. 1.
[31] Lead Report 7947, Interview of 82nd Airborne Division chemical officer, April 21, 1996, p. 7.
[32] Transcript, Interview of [redacted], a 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment technician, April 10, 1997, p. 8.
[33] Lead Report 8102, Interview of 4404th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight technician, October 13, 1997.
[34] Transcript, Interview of [redacted], a 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment technician, April 10, 1997, p. 7.
[35] Transcript, Interview of [redacted], a 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment technician, April 10, 1997, p. 7-10.
[36] Lead Report 11036, Interview of senior technician, 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal, May 20, 1997, p. 4.
[37] 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, "Incident Journal (Desert Storm)," May 22, 2000, p. 5.
[38] Lead Report 8102, Interview of 4404th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight technician, October 13, 1997.
[39] Memorandum from 307th Engineer Battalion operations officer to 82nd Airborne Division commander, Subject: "307th Engineer Battalion Desert Storm Narrative," June 3, 1991, p. 2-3.
[40] Lead Report 11325, Interview of combat engineer, Company C, 307th Engineer Battalion, June 17, 1997, who reported that 5 or 10 percent of the artillery shells he observed in bunkers had white or yellow markings on the nose of the projectiles; Lead Report 11875, Interview of combat engineer, Company B, 307th Engineer Battalion, June 13, 1997, who reported that he destroyed six gray bombs with red and yellow stripes painted on them.
[41] Lead Report 11036, Interview of senior technician, 60th Explosives Ordnance Disposal Detachment, May 20, 1997.
[42] Lead Report 1080, Interview of executive officer, Company C, 307th Engineer Battalion, October 23, 1996.
[43] Lead Report 1079, Interview of 1st platoon leader, Company C, 307th Engineer Battalion, October 23, 1996; Lead Report 9918, Interview of 2nd platoon leader, C Company, 307th Engineer Battalion, April 29, 1997; Lead Report 7948, Interview of 3rd platoon leader, C Company, 307th Engineer Battalion, April 17, 1997.
[44] Lead Report 6498, Interview of commander, 307th Engineer Battalion, May 7, 1997.
[45] 60th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, "Incident Journal (Desert Storm)," April 1, 1991.
[46] 82nd Airborne Division Engineer message, Subject: "307th Engineer Battalion Operations Summary," March 23, 1991, p. 1-5. This summary does not include aircraft destroyed by US Air Force munitions nor aircraft destroyed by other units.
[47] Lead Report 10787, Interview of 1703rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight technician, May 27, 1997.
[48] Lead Report 10775, Interview of 1703rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight technician, May 6, 1997; Lead Report 10358, Interview of 1703rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight technician, March 4, 1997; Lead Report 11043, Interview of 1703rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Flight team leader, May 29, 1997.
[49] Hartzer, Dr. Ronald B., "Engineering and Services in the Gulf War," undated, p. 45-46.
[50] Lead Report 12100, Interview of 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment soldier, July 14, 1997.
[51] Memorandum from 307th Engineer Battalion operations officer to 82nd Airborne Division commander, Subject: "307th Engineer Battalion Desert Storm Narrative," June 3, 1991.
[52] 146th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, "Incident Journal (Desert Shield)," May 15, 1991; Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "An Nasiriyah Southwest Amunition Storage Point, Final Report" (Case Narrative), January 10, 2000, web site: www.gulflink.health.mil/an_nasiriyah_ii/.
[53] Lead Report 10523, Interview of commander, 146th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, June 3, 1997.
[54] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "IIR 2 251 0001 93/ Inspection of the S-shaped Bunker at Al Tallil Airfield," May 28, 1993, p. 2.
[55] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "IIR 2 251 0001 93/ Inspection of the S-shaped Bunker at Al Tallil Airfield," May 28, 1993, p. 3.
[56] Mitrokhin, Igor A., United Nations Special Commission on Iraq, Testimony to the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Buffalo, NY, July 29, 1997, p. 60-61.
[57] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "IIR 6 021 0196 96, Iraqi Fallujah, Khamisiyah, and An Nasiriyah Chemical Warfare Related Sites," May 1996, p. 4-5.
[58] Lead Report 7947, Interview of 82nd Airborne Division chemical officer, June 17, 1996, p. 7; 82nd Airborne Division chemical officer handwritten message, March 23, 1991.
[59] Lead Report 11325, Interview of combat engineer, Company C, 307th Engineer Battalion, June 17, 1997.
[60] Lead Report 11875, Interview of combat engineer, Company B, 307th Engineer Battalion, June 13, 1997.
[61] Lead Report 11036, Interview of senior technician, 60th Explosives Ordnance Disposal Detachment, May 23, 1997.
[62] Lead Report 10787, Interview of 1703rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal flight technician, May 27, 1997. He specifically mentioned finding gray munitions with red bands-and they were not CW.
[63] Lead Report 12100, Interview of 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment soldier, July 14, 1997.
[64] Mitrokhin, Igor A., United Nations Special Commission on Iraq, Testimony to the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, Buffalo, NY, July 29, 1997, p. 60-61.
[65] Defense Intelligence Agency message, Subject: "IIR 2 251 0001 93/ Inspection of the S-shaped Bunker at Al Tallil Airfield," May 28, 1993, p. 3.
[66] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," Glossary, Section II, "Definitions and Terms," December 22, 1995, web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/fm8_285/PART_I/index.htm (as of May 16, 2000).
[67] US Army Material Safety Data Sheet, "Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM)," Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, December 2, 1999.
[68] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," Glossary, Section II, "Definitions and Terms," December 22, 1995, web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/fm8_285/PART_I/index.htm (as of May 16, 2000).
[69] Joint Publication 1-02, "Dictionary of Military Terms," Department of Defense, April 6, 1999, p. 162, web site www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/e/02287.html (as of September 2, 1999).
[70] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "The Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 29, 1997, p. 3-4, web site: www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[71] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual No 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," Washington, DC, December 12, 1990, p. 17-18; US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Publication P-5041, US Air Force Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties And Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," Washington, DC, December 22, 1995,Chapter 2, "Nerve Agents," web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/Field Manuals/fm8_285/PART_I/index.htm (as of May 16, 2000).
[72] Brletich, Nancy R., Mary Jo Waters, Gregory W. Bowen, Mary Frances Tracy, Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, October 1995, p. 430-431. Copies of the Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook may be purchased from the CBIAC. To order, please contact the CBIAC Administrator, via phone (410-676-9030), fax (410-676-9703), e-mail (cbiac@battelle.org), or use the interactive request form on the CBIAC web site www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil (as of October 19, 1999). See also Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "M256 Series Chemical Agent Detector Kit" (Information Paper), July 23, 1999, web site: www.gulflink.health.mil/m256/.
[73] Brletich, Nancy R., Mary Jo Waters, Gregory W. Bowen, Mary Frances Tracy, Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, October 1995, p. 412; See also Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, " M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm," (Information Paper), October 30, 1997, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/m8a1alarms/.
[74] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "The Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 29, 1997, p. 2, 8-9, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[75] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," December 22, 1995, Glossary, Section II, "Definitions And Terms," web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/fm8_285/PART_I/index.htm (as of May 16, 2000).
[76] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," Glossary, Section II, "Definitions and Terms," December 22, 1995, web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/fm8_285/PART_I /index.htm (as of May 16, 2000).
[77] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," Washington, DC, December 12, 1990, chapter 2, p. 19.
[78] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," Washington, DC, December 12, 1990, chapter 2, p. 18.
[79] "UN Security Council Resolution 687," dated April 1991.
[80] Entire units or only some individuals from the unit may have been in the vicinity of Tallil.
[81] "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction," April 29, 1997. This chemical weapons convention was opened for signature in Paris, France, on January 13, 1993. It has been signed by 165 states and ratified or acceded by 106 states as of February 1998. It was signed by the United States on January 13, 1993, and ratified on April 25, 1997. Part XI of the convention, "Investigations in Cases of Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons," details some of the procedures. Other protocols and guidelines were found in Methodology and Instrumentation for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament, The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1985; Verification Methods, Handling, and Assessment Of Unusual Events In Relation To Allegations of the Use of Novel Chemical Warfare Agents, Consultant University of Saskatchewan in conjunction with the Verification Research Unit of External Affairs and International Trade Canada, March 1990; and Handbook for the Investigation of Allegations of the Use of Chemical or Biological Weapons, Department of External Affairs, Department of National Defence, Health and Welfare Canada, and Agriculture Canada, November 1985. US Army Field Manual 3-4, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-9, "NBC Protection," May 1992; US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy NAVMED P-5041, US Air Force Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11 (adopted as NATO Field Manual 8-285), "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," December 22, 1995; US Army Field Manual 19-20, "Law Enforcement Investigations," November 25, 1985; and other DoD investigational procedures contributed ideas for developing this methodology.
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