MEDICAL REPORTING 14 AUG 90

File: 072496_may96_decls9_0021.txt
Page: 0021
Total Pages: 79

Subject: MEDICAL REPORTING  14 AUG 90                                    

Unit: 24TH ID     

Parent  Organization: XVIII CORPS 

Box ID: BX001433

Folder Seq #:          5

Document Number:         17







            SAUDI ARABIA



                                       DISEASR,S OF OP,@TIONAL IMPORTANCL@


            Diseases are priori 6zcd in descending orderoccx@ctcd impact on military operations I( no preventive
            measures are taken. Ilc order provided does not take into account possible extraordinary events such (is
            periodic cpid@cs of highly cyclic diseases, natural di=@ or aimed con]3icL

                  DISEASES Wl'nl SXIOIZT INCUBATION PERIODS (USUALLY LRSS -NIAN IS DAYS)

            ACUTE DLKMIEAL DISEASES (6 hours to 10 days)
                  'rmnsnilssion: Ingestion of @usadve agents or flicir to7Jns In contaminated food or water.
                  Risk rer@lqribu@n: Occurs year-round, with overall risk greatest from July through September.
                       Risk from viral etiologies is elevated from December through March, and risk from bacterial
                       etiologies is elevated from June through October. Occurs countrywide; risk greater in ruml village
                       areas.
                  Remarks: Moderately endemic; although overall incidence In die major cities was decreasing during the
                       late 198Ds, could cause significant morbidity in nonindigcnous personnel. Frequently occurring
                       pathogens include cnterotoxigenic Esclierichia coli ( -=-C),.rotavirus (most common In children),
                       Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. (the most common cuology In adults), and Ciunpylobacter spp.
                       Sidgellosis, usually caused by Sltigelia soijiici or S. flcxticri, is conunon. Salmonellosts inctmitigly
                       is being reported. Approximately 25 to 30 percent of Salmonella and Sliigelia Isolates mny cxt-dbit
                       multiple drug resistance.

            MALARIA (12-14 days)
                  Transm@on]Vector Ecology: Bilc of an infective mosquito (,4iyol)hcl@spp.). Vector species Include
l tirea of the Southwestern provinces, Att.,Tergetitil rountrywldc
                       (except for the =tcrn area) wherever local conditions pemilt breeding sites to cxIS4 All. steplicitsi
                       primarily in the cast (between Kuwait and Oman), and Am sulxrl)iclus In the noitli. All species will
                       (@ on humans indoors, and the pcri-domcsdc liabits o(AiLstephcnsi make It a factor In urban sites.
                  Risk Pcr@istribution- Transmission occurs year-round, with risk elevated from October through
                       April in the southern areas. Risk exists up to 2,UW mc(crs elevation in rural and urban areas of
                       t)ie Tihama coastal region and (fie Asir highlands in (fie southwest       Asir, and Al Babolt
                       provinces). Risk in the western provinces (Makkah and Al Madinali) Is limited lo rural valley foci
                       in the Hijaz mountains. Urban areas in the western provinces and all ollicr parts of the country are
                       risk free, although vcctor species may be present.
                  Remnrks: Formerly endc@c in much of the country, marine now occurs primarily In die Southwestern
                       provinces and western provincrs.nic most intense tmnstwssion occurs in the southwest, where
                       Uicannualparasitcindcxmayrcach2Opcrl,000popul.-idon.Incidcttceniaybepatliallywcallict-
                       related, with larger outbreaks occurring In wet years. The nnnual number of reported cases tins
                       declined from more than 64,000 in 1982 lo 9,797 in 1983. Plastirodhimfalciixintm causes over 95
                       percent of the indigenous cases in (lie southwcs(and 80 percent in the wcsk with P. vivar causing
                       nearly all the remainder. P. nio@iae once was common In the eastern region, and occasional
                       infections still may occur. Alfliougli unconfirmed reports Indicate that drug-rcsisinni fnicinruill
                   malaria may be present in the Southwestern Arabian peninsula, none had been confirmed from
                       Saudi Arabia as of laic 1989.

              ACMT. RLSRIRATORY DiSrASrS (ARDS) (1-10 days)
                  Transm@n: Direct or indircct contact with infectious dmplets.
                  Risk Per@D@bii@n: Occurs year-round, witli risk front influenza highest From I)cccmbcr
                       through February; risk from other etiologies [=its in July to August (likely related to dusty
                       environment). Occurs countrywide, with an incrczscd risk in the central and eastern areas,
                       probably cxaccrba led by climatic factors.
                  Remurks: Highly cnde@c, ARDs constitute die most common clinical entity in Saudi Arabia. Risk
                       to nonindigcnous personnel is difficult to assess because dctnilcd.information an etiologies other
                                                                     SA-4

Document 79 f:/Week-22/BX001433/MEDICAL REPORTING-DIVISION SURGEON/medical reporting 14 aug 90:07199610201768
Control Fields 17
File Room = may96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-22
Box ID = BX001433
Unit = 24TH ID
Parent Organization = XVIII CORPS
Folder Title = MEDICAL REPORTING-DIVISION SURGEON
Folder Seq # = 5
Subject = MEDICAL REPORTING 14 AUG 90
Document Seq # = 68
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 19-JUL-1996