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File: 950718_9tr1_20_j22.txt
Filename:9tr1_20.j22
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This document is a captured Iraqi military record.
It is provided in its original form to include Iraqi
classification markings (i.e. Top Secret, Secret, etc.).
These classification markings are NOT U.S. Government markings.
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1- The Chemical Decontamination. Ch. D.
The necessary pressure in the tank ([illegible] pressure) occurs through the manual pump after
linking the special lid of the tank. The [illegible] is opened and the decontamination solution
through the rod to the [illegible] and linking it to the contaminated surface.
2. Radiation decontamination
This occurs by using the [illegible] where the solution is pumped through the pressured air that is
coming from the air [illegible] in order to [illegible] the pressure from the [illegible] followed by
the air coming through. The tank cover must remain (open) in this case.
1- Decontamination pipe
2- Decontamination solution
3- Solution [illegible]
4- Rod
5- [Illegible]
2. Radiation decontamination
1- Its edge
2- Air [illegible]
3- Vehicle [illegible]
4- Decontamination pipe
5- Decontamination solution
6- [illegible]
Decontamination solutions and materials
Decontamination solutions are divided into two:
1. Organic materials: Chlorophyll elements
Dichlorophyll
2. Non organic decontamination materials: [] detergent
[]Ammonium
3. Decontamination basic solutions: Sodium Hydroxide
4. [illegible] Dichloro [illegible]
Decontamination Procedures / Factors
1- Detection and [illegible]
2- Reconnaissance and determining the contaminated area
3- Priority in decontamination
4- Designating decontamination areas
5- Selecting the decontamination methods
6- Designating the decontamination procedure
7- Carrying out the decontamination operation
8- Hiding the decontamination effects
9- Final check
Echelons:
1- [illegible] echelon: decontamination echelon inside the unit. There are five echelons [] partial.
They are ordered by the unit and supervised by the chemical advisor
2- [illegible] echelon: Individual First Aid
3- Second echelon: for the full contamination by the decontamination centers through the
chemical corps and ordered by the commander
Partial decontamination point
1- Heavy Vehicles
2- Small Vehicles
3- Mortar Decontamination
4- [illegible] Location
5- Smaller [illegible]
6- [illegible] Location
7- [illegible] for Decontamination
8- Entry
9- Water and solution [illegible]
10- Exit
11- [illegible]
Decontamination
1- Individual decontamination equipment for the vehicles [ADK-1]
This equipment is made to decontaminate the vehicles with solutions coming from the tank [] the
effect of air pressure. The tank is sufficient only for one vehicle. The pressure applied to the
solution is taken from two sources: a. From the [illegible] vehicles air (Z 66, 63 or 51) or from a
manual pump available with the driver in the mentioned [illegible] vehicles.
Properties of this equipment:
1. EquipmentÕs Weight [illegible]
2. Capacity 20 liters, the tankÕs capacity is 8 liters
3. Necessary period to prepare the equipment for running for 4 minutes
4. Solution type or [illegible] 1.5 liters / minute
5. Solution type for chemical and biological decontamination 0.6 liter/minute
Contents:
The equipment consists of the following parts:
1. Movements going to the vehicle
2. Manual air pump
3. [illegible] with rod
4. Rubber pipes (2) 25 meters
5. Cover limited to the movements
6. [illegible]
7. [illegible] Belt for the metal tank
8. Spare parts
9. [illegible]
10. Cloth bag
Protection
Types of protective equipment
1. Equipment number one. They are owned by all soldiers in the Armed Forces.
Contents:
1. Protective Mask - Important
2. Protective suit
3. Light Feet protectors
4. Light protective gloves
2. Equipment number two: used by the chemical detection team
Contents:
1. Protective mask
2. Protective suit:
a. [illegible] with cover for the head
b. Pants and [illegible]
3. Light rubber gloves
3. Equipment number 3: used by the decontamination team
Contents:
1. Protective mask
2. Vest
3. Thick gloves
4. Thick feet protectors
Important
[illegible] Detection equipment
Contents of the equipment
1. [illegible] With cover
2. Manual air pump
3. Carton boxes that contain detection pipes
4. [illegible] Protecting the air pump
5. Beat detectors
6. Protective cups
7. Electric light
8. Heating device with heating pipes / number:10
9. Shovel and [illegible]
Types of detection pipes:
1. With one red and [illegible] ring. They detect the nerve agents
2. With one yellow ring. They detect mustard agents
3. With three green rings. They detect agents such as hydrogen cyanate, Phosgene, Diphosgene -
Chloride
Detection contents:
1. 8 Warning Flares
2. Russian reconnaissance equipment
3. Wind direction measure
4. Special record for the advisor
5. Telephone + wireless
6. Map
Infection and immunity
Infection: is when a (human or animal) being [illegible] where the being grows and [illegible]
white blood cells
The factors that affect the infection:
a. The toxic level (the biological agent toxic level)
b. Toxic dosage of the infection
The defensive lines of the body:
1. The skin is considered a clear sign when microbes enter the body, when it is not torn, and
when it lacks wounds.
2. White blood cells
3. The blood, the blood cycle, the body secretions - Anti [illegible]
Immunity: Is the bodyÕs ability to fight the infection which causes diseases [illegible] will be the
biological agent
There are two types:
Immunity
Hereditary Acquired
Detecting the biological agents
1- Warning period: The concept of attack
Intelligence
2- Period of taking [illegible]
3- Diagnosis period
4- Diseases study period
Decontamination of biological agents
1- Physical sources (Temperature, Radiation)
2- Chemical sources
3- Immunity sources (to decontaminate the air and the water)
Decontamination: is the process of removing the toxic agents or reducing their effects to an
acceptable standard allowed by the tactical situation.
4. Biological sources
Types of Nuclear bombs
1. Atomic bomb
2. Hydrogen bomb
3. [illegible] bomb
4. Nitrogen bomb
5. Radiation contamination weapons
Contents of an atomic bomb:
a. Nuclear fuel - Uranium 250
b. Explosives TNT
c. Detonator
d. [illegible] Generator
e. Bomb cover
f. Anti-[illegible]
[illegible] function of an atomic bomb (fission)
Hydrogen bomb: contents
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Function [illegible]
1. Nuclear fission
2. Nuclear fusion
3. Hydrogen Bomb
Function principle: fission + fusion + fission
Types and effects of nuclear explosions
1- Air explosion. The location of the ball of fire is at more than half of the surface of a ball from
the surface of the Earth.[illegible] Zero. There are two types:
a. High. Fallout on a wide surface
b. Low. Fallout on a small surface
2- Surface explosion. The location of the ball of fire is outside the surface of the earth [illegible]
contaminations
3- Explosion below the surface of the Earth
a. Below the surface of the earth: the fire is below the surface of the Earth
b. Below the surface of the water: the fire is below the surface of the water
c.
Results of the nuclear explosions
1. Blast wave 50%
2. Heat Radiations 35%
3. Nuclear radiation 15% a. [illegible] Radiation 5% b. [illegible] Radiation 10%
Effects of the results of the nuclear radiation
1. Blast Shock: it affects humans by tearing the ear drum. It also has effects on
Pull and Push:
2. Heat: Flash: causes blindness [illegible]
Heat radiation: causes burns
3. Nuclear Radiation: [illegible]: causes radiation disease to humans. As to equipment, it causes
damage to electronic equipment.
Measures to protect from nuclear weapons
1. Look for the best close shelter in the area
2. Tie the [equipment] equipment
3. Tighten up the buttons to protect from the nuclear dust
4. Remove [illegible] and flammable materials [illegible] heat radiation
Decontamination of nuclear dust
1. Persons at the decontamination center through the use of [illegible]
2. Decontamination of the vehicles through [illegible]
4. Decontamination with [illegible] ammonium and detergent
Nuclear weapons magnitude
A magnitude equals the force of the explosion of a nuclear bomb. Among the most explosive
materials is (TNT explosives). When it is said that the magnitude of each bomb reaches 10 Kilo
tons, this means that its explosion equals that of 10 thousand tons of [illegible]. The magnitudes
are divided into low, medium, and high.
Symptoms of a chemical attack
1- Appearance of a cloud or smoke behind the planes
2- [illegible] Explosion of bombs which [] T. C. A.
3. Change of color in vegetation
4. BirdsÕ fall and failure to fly
5. Appearance of a strange odor in the area
6. Oil spots on the ground and vegetation
7. Some persons are affected such as breathing difficulty
Friday
Subject: Biological
The types of biological agents are:
1. Microbes
2. Toxins
3. Contagious diseases
4. Chemical components of the agricultural products
Types by quality
Microbes Toxins Contagious Diseases Product Components
1. Fungus 1. Animal Toxins 1. Biological 1. Contagious
[illegible]
2. Bacteria 2. Human toxins 2. Mechanical 2. [illegible] fallout
1. a. Microbes: they include germs. They cause symptoms to humans like bacteria.
b. Fungus: they are either one cell or multiple cells.
2. a. Toxins
b. Animal
3. a. Contagious diseases: Biological (Malaria disease). They store [illegible] such as
[illegible]
b. Mechanical: they inject the disease only and they are small animals such as [illegible]
4. a. Components that affect agriculture. Organic and non organic grass
They are used to kill grass
b. Leaf fallout: Leaves fall if they were not [illegible] vegetation of leaves.
Toxic Chemical Agents
Classification of toxic chemical agents
1. T. C. A. Pertaining to their use
2. T. C. A. Pertaining to their description
3. T. C. A. Pertaining to the tactical classification
4. T. C. A. Pertaining to the chemical classification
Use
1- Pertaining to nerve and bubbling killers
3. CS system in the direction of the wind
3. Paralyzing agents
Tactical Classification
Lethal Disturbing Paralyzing
chemical agents chemical agents T. C. A. LSD
25
Nerve and Blood: Bubbles: Vomit: Tear:
Fast effect Slow effect TCA / Adam site Chloroacetophenone
Lethal chemical agents
nerve agents: Bubbling: Choking Blood
[illegible] Mustard Phosgene Hydrogen Cyanate
[illegible] Carbon Monoxide
Tabun
VX
[illegible]
[illegible]
Tear vomit Psychological Effects
CS Adamsite Agents
Toxic chemical agents
1- Mustard agents:
a- Sulfuric mustard
b- Nitrogen mustard
c- Lewisite
They penetrate through the nerve and respiratory systems, the skin, and eyes. These agents kill
and paralyze humans. They are very [illegible].
Properties of the T. C. A.
1- Highly toxic
2- Affect the respiratory and digestive systems and the eyes
3- Require special measures
4- are [illegible]
5- Require decontamination process
6- Have an incubation period ranging from many hours to many days except for Lewisite
Description of Sulfuric Mustard
1- It is liquid
2- Impure mustard has an odor of garlic
3- Degree of 204 Co
4- Very soluble in organic solvents
Symptoms of nerve mustard
1- Skin: when it is sprayed on the skin, it penetrates the skin during a period of 2 to 3 minutes.
The skin turns red for 20 minutes then spots appear for 6 to 30 hours then increase, explode, and
leave marks like wounds
2- Eyes: If the mustard falls on the eyes, it causes permanent blindness.
3- Respiratory system: through the mouth , it causes difficulty in breathing and [illegible]. The
symptoms appear when the voice is hoarse and cause death in high dosages.
4- Digestive system: it causes vomit and [illegible] in the stomach.
Protection measures from the mustard agents
1- Put on protective equipment number one
2- Perform First Aid by using the decontamination tools
3- In the eye, 2% Sodium Bicarbonate, [illegible]
Disinfecting weapons from mustard agents
1- By using organic solvents
2- Disinfection solution number one
3- [illegible] Ammonium
Remark: Is not used with dry [illegible] for disinfecting weapons that are contaminated with
mustard agents because it causes burns (fires).
Disinfecting the contaminated ground
1- The contaminated area is combed
2- The contaminated layer is covered with an uncontaminated layer
3- Use with [illegible] and detergent to contain.[illegible] solution and non organic [illegible].
Decontaminating clothing and equipment
1- [illegible] wash 5%
2-Hot air [illegible] at the contamination center [illegible].
Food decontamination
1- When contaminated by the mustard [illegible], expose to air or boil.
2- When contaminated by the mustard liquid, it must be destroyed.
Nerve agents
Contents: they penetrate [illegible] and they are toxic organic components that are [illegible]
Nerve agents:
1- Sarin, Tabun
Properties:
1- Highly toxic
2- Fixed
3- Penetrate through the skin , the eyes, and the respiratory system
4- require special measures
5- No incubation period
Features:
1- They are liquid
2- They are crystals
3- They have a sulfuric odor
4- Their Boiling point reaches 300Co
Psychological effect on living [illegible]
They affect the nerves which consist of the central system that [illegible] through the nerve cells
that secretes [illegible] enzyme which is decreases [illegible] through the effect of the nerve
agents. They disrupt the function of the enzyme and affect the muscles.
Infection Symptoms
1- Low level
2- Medium level
3- High level
Symptoms of the medium level
1- Light pinpoint eye pupils
2- Watery eyes
3- Muscle cramps increase
4- Blood pressure increase
5- Sweat
6- Loss of balance
First Aid measures
1- Wear protective mask
2- Inject Atropine white shot
3- Perform artificial respiration
4- After 10 minutes, inject yellow Atropine shot
5- Transport the infected to the nearest medical unit.
Protective measures
1- Protective mask, tools number 1
2- Use collective protective shelters
Vomit agents: Phosgene - [illegible]
Properties:
1- They affect the respiratory system
2- Mobile
3- They causes air contamination only
4- The have an incubation period which extends [illegible]
5- For protection, only the protective mask
6- Do not require decontamination of the open areas.
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