TRI SERVICE VACCINE TASK FORCE 7 DEC 90

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Subject: TRI SERVICE VACCINE TASK FORCE 7 DEC 90                         

Unit: OTSG        

Parent Organization: HSC         

Box ID: BX003202

Folder Title: DESERT SHIELD MEDICAL ISSUES REVIEW AND AD HOC WORKING GROUP                                    

Document Number:          3

Folder SEQ  #:         31




                                                       UNCLASSIFIED



          SGRD-UWF-J (7 Dec 90)
          SUWECT:    Vaccines to Prevent Diarrhea and Typhoid Fever in
          Operation Desert Shield


          4.  PREVENTION OF ETEC INFECTIONS.       In addition to providing
          protection against cholera, the oral cholera vaccine also prevented
          LT and LTST ETEC infections because they produce a very similar
          enterotoxin as cholera.     In the first three months following
          vaccination in the Bangladesh trial, there was 67% efficacy in
          preventing ETEC caused by either LT or LTST producing ETEC,
          (p<0.01). No protection was found against infection caused by ST-
          producing ETEC. The oral cholera vaccine also protected western
          travelers from LT ETEC. In a recently completed study, 615 Finnish
          tourists received 2 doses of the oral cholera vaccine 2 weeks apart
          before traveling to Morocco. When compared to a control group, the
          oral cholera vaccine prevented 69% of LT and LTST infections.
          These two studies indicate that the oral cholera vaccine could
          offer significant protection against ETEC infections among troops
          in the Persian Gulf.


          5.  AVAILABILITY OF THE ORAL CHOLERA/ETEC VACCINE.          The oral
          cholera vaccine that was used in these two field trials was
          produced by Institute Merieux (France) and is currently under IND
          in the U. S..    The main problem with this vaccine as it was
          originally formulated was cost.     However.. this nroblem has been
          overcome using   recombinant technology.      The gwedish National
          Bacteriological Laboratory (SNBL) has expressed a willingness to
          provide the oral cholera vaccine to the U.S. military. Estimated
          cost: $8.00 per dose. Delivery: 3-4 months.

          6. DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED ETEC VACCINE. It is possible to
ficacy of the oral cholera vaccine by substituting
          killed whole ETEC organisms for Virbro cholera. This vaccine has
          been shown to be safe and immunogenic when tested in humans in
          Sweden.   This vaccine has the advantages over the oral cholera
          vaccine of protecting against ST ETEC strains and producing a
          longer lasting immunity.

          7. DEVELOPMENT OF SHIGELLA VACCINES. There are three scientific
          approaches which could lead to an effective vaccine within 6-12
          months.  These are (a) an oral E. coli hybrid effective against
          either S, sonnei or S. f lexneri or both (WRAIR) , (b) an attenuated
          S. sonnei vaccine (University of Maryland and Sweden), and (c) a
          parenteral conjugate vaccine (NIH).

          8. NEW TYPHOID VACCINES. Two new typhoid vaccines have been shown
          to be safe, immunogenic and protective in clinical trials. These
          are: 1) an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi, Ty2la, used as
          a live oral vaccine; and 2) the purified polysaccharide capsular
          antigen of S. typhi, Vi, administered as a parenteral vaccine.
          Ty2la is now licensed and has been extensively tested since 1978

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Document 8 f:/Week-36/BX003202/DESERT SHIELD MEDICAL ISSUES REVIEW AND AD HOC WORKING GROUP/tri service vaccine task force 7 dec 90:1018961354253
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File Room = sep96_declassified
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Box ID = BX003202
Unit = OTSG
Parent Organization = HSC
Folder Title = DESERT SHIELD MEDICAL ISSUES REVIEW AND AD HOC WORKING GROUP
Folder Seq # = 31
Subject = TRI SERVICE VACCINE TASK FORCE 7 DEC 90
Document Seq # = 3
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 18-OCT-1996