APPENDIX C Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary
Acronyms and Abbreviations
µg/kg | micrograms per kilogram |
µg/kg/day | micrograms per kilogram per day |
µg/m3 | microgram per cubic meter |
ACh | acetylcholine |
AChE | acetylcholinesterase enzyme |
ADM | Atmospheric Dispersion Model |
ADP | Automatic Data Processing System (of NCEP) |
ADPIC | Atmospheric Dispersion by Particle-in-Cell |
AdjGPL | Adjusted General Population Limit |
AEGL | acute exposure guideline level |
AEGLo | occupational AEGL |
AIREPS | aircraft reports |
ASP | Ammunition Supply Point |
AVN | aviation |
BuChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
C4 | Compound 4 (an explosive) |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CFL | Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy |
ChE | cholinesterase |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency |
cm | centimeters |
cm/s | centimeters per second |
CNS | central nervous system |
COAMPS | Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System |
Ct | concentration (C), multiplied by the exposure time (t) |
D | dosage |
DA | Department of the Army |
DAMS | Department of the Army Medical Services |
DDA | Dynamic Data Assimilation |
DHHS | Department of Health and Human Services |
DHS | Directorate for Deployment Health Support of the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) for Gulf War Illnesses, Medical Readiness, and Military Deployments |
DMDC | Defense Manpower Data Center |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DPG | Dugway Proving Ground |
DSWA | Defense Special Weapons Agency |
DTRA | Defense Threat Reduction Agency |
DoD | Department of Defense |
ECMWF | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting |
ECt50 | 50 percent effective Ct |
ED50 | 50 percent effective dose |
EEG | electroencephalograph |
EOD | Explosive Ordnance Disposal |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
ERDEC | Edgewood Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
FDDA | four-dimensional data assimilation |
FNE | first noticeable effect(s) |
FNMOC | Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center |
ft | feet |
g/kg | grams per kilogram |
GB |
sarin |
GDAS | Global Data Assimilation System |
GF | cyclosarin |
GOI | Global Optical Interpolation |
GPL | general population limit |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
ICt50 | 50 percent incapacitation Ct |
IDA | Institute for Defense Analyses |
HPAC/SCIPUFF | Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability/Second Order Closure, Integrated Puff |
K | Kelvin |
kg | kilogram |
km | kilometers |
l/min | liters per minute |
LCt50 | 50 percent lethal Ct |
LD50 | 50 percent lethal dose |
LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
LOAEL | lowest observed adverse effects level |
m | meters |
m/s | meters per second |
MAE | mean absolute error |
MATHEW | Mass-Adjusted Three-Dimensional Wind Field |
mb | millibars |
MCSST | Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperatures |
ME | mean error |
mg/cm2 | milligrams per square centimeter |
mg/kg | milligrams per kilogram |
mg/kg/day | milligrams per kilogram per day |
mg/m3 | milligrams (of material) per cubic meter (of air) |
mg-min/m3 | milligrams per cubic meter times time (in minutes) |
ml/l | milliliters per liter |
MM5 | Mesoscale Model, Version 5 |
MRF | Medium-Range Forecast |
MSC | maximum safe concentration |
MVOI | multivariate optimum interpolation |
NAC/AEGLHS | National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances |
NCAR | National Center for Atmospheric Research |
NCEP | National Center for Environmental Prediction |
ng/kg | nanograms per kilogram |
NNW | north-northwest |
NO3 | nitrate radical |
NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NOAEL | no observed adverse effects level |
NOGAPS | Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System |
NRC | National Research Council |
NRL | Naval Research Laboratory |
NSC | National Security Council |
NSWC | Naval Surface Warfare Center |
NTE | Neurotoxic esterase |
NUSSE4 | Non-Uniform Simple Surface Evaporation, Version 4 |
NWP | numerical weather prediction |
OASD(PA) | Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) |
OATSDNCB | Office of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs |
OH | hydroxyl radical |
OMEGA | Operational Multi-scale Environmental Model with Grid Adaptivity |
ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
OP | organophosphate |
OPIDN | organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy |
PAC | Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans Illnesses |
PBL | planetary boundary layer |
probability distribution function | |
PEP | primate equilibrium platform |
PG | Pasquill-Gifford (stability class) |
PIBAL | pilot balloon observation |
QC | quality control |
Ra | aerodynamic resistance |
Rb | resistance to the molecular diffussion through the laminar sublayer |
Rc | bulk surface resistance |
RAGE | Radiative Adaptive Grid Experiment |
RBC | red blood cell |
RBC-ChE | red blood cell cholinesterase |
RfC | reference concentration |
RfD | reference dose |
RfDi | inhalation reference dose |
RMSE | root mean square error |
s/m | seconds per meter |
SSE | south-southeast |
SST | sea surface temperatures |
SPOT | Satellite Pour lObservation de Terre |
STEL | short-term exposure limit |
t0 | initial time |
TEP | triethyl phosphate |
TKE | turbulence kinetic energy |
TLV | threshold limit values |
TOGA | Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere |
TWA | time-weighted average |
UIC | Unit Identification Code |
UNSCOM | United Nations Special Commission on Iraq |
USACHPPM | US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine |
USAF | US Air Force |
USASCURR | US Armed Services Center for Unit Records Research |
US Army ERDEC | US Army Edgewood Research, Development, and Engineering Center |
USGS | US Geodetic Survey |
UTC | universal time (coordinated) |
Vd | deposition velocity |
VLSTRACK | Chemical/Biological Agent Vapor, Liquid, and Solid Tracking |
WMO | World Meteorological Organization |
WPL |
worker (occupational) population limit |
WSW | west-southwest |
Glossary
Acetylcholine (ACh) |
A neurotransmitter serving as a cholinergic agonist at myoneural junctions of striated muscles, at autonomic effector cells innervated by parasympathetic nerves, at the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems preganglionic synapses,and at various central nervous system sites. |
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) |
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Acute (exposure) |
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Agent Plume |
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Anomaly |
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Anoxia |
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Anticonvulsant |
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Ataxia |
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Atropine |
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Benzodiazepene |
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Bradycardia |
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Bradypnea |
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Carcinogen |
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Cardiomyopathy |
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Cholinesterase (ChE) |
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Corpus lutea |
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Chronic (exposure) |
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Cyclosarin (GF) |
Chemical
name: cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate |
Data Assimilation |
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Deposition |
Atmospheric deposition is usually divided into two categories, wet deposition and dry deposition, depending on the phase of the material during the deposition process. Thus, in wet deposition, the gas or particle is first incorporated into a droplet and is then transferred to the surface via precipitation. In dry deposition, the gas or particle is transported to ground level, where it is adsorbed onto a surface. The surface can be the ocean, soil, vegetation, buildings, etc. Note that the surface involved in the dry deposition may be wet or dry; the "dry" in dry deposition refers only to the phase of the material being deposited. (AMS, 2000) |
Deposition velocity |
Typical deposition velocities for common gas phase pollutants (e.g., ozone, nitric acid) are on the order of 0.01-5 cm/s. (AMS, 2000) |
Diazepam |
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Erythrocyte |
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Fasciculation |
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First Noticeable Effects (FNE) |
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G-series nerve agents |
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General Circulation |
These statistics are generated from the ensemble of daily data and include not only the temporal and spatial mean flows (e.g. zonal westerlies and easterlies) but also all other mean properties of the atmosphere that are linked to these flows (e.g., semipermanent waves and meridional cells) that together form the general circulation. The general circulation also includes higher-order statistics that measure the spatial and temporal variability of the atmosphere necessary to understand the large-scale temporal and spatial mean state of the atmosphere (e.g., seasonal changes and the effects of transient cyclones). (AMS, 2000) |
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The governing equations are the conservation laws of physics expressed in finite-difference form, spectral form, or finite-element form. Evolution of the model circulation is computed by time integration of those equations starting from an initial condition. The GCM can be used for weather prediction or for climate studies. (AMS, 2000) |
General Population Limit (GPL) |
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Genotoxic |
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Hepatocyte |
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Hydrofluoric acid |
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Hypoxia |
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Isopropyl methylphosphonic acid |
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Lacrimation |
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LCLO |
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LCt50 |
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LD50 |
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LDLO |
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M8A1 chemical alarm |
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Malathion |
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Mesoscale |
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Mesoscale Model |
Such models can include analytic solutions of a set of simplified equations governing atmospheric motion, scale models of particular geographic regions, and numerical integrations, including numerical weather prediction models that can resolve mesoscale circulations. (AMS, 2000) |
Micturition |
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Miosis |
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Muscarinic |
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Mutagenic |
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Necrosis |
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Neurotoxic esterase (NTE) |
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Neurotoxicity |
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Nociception |
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Organophosphate (OP) |
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Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) |
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Oxime |
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Pallor |
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Parameterization |
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Paraoxon |
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Parathion |
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Pharmacokinetics |
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Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) |
It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. The PBL depth (i.e., the inversion height) is variable in time and space, ranging from tens of meters in strongly statically stable situations, to several kilometers in convective conditions over deserts. During fair weather over land, the PBL has a marked diurnal cycle. During daytime, a mixed layer of vigorous turbulence grows in depth, capped by a statically stable entrainment zone of intermittent turbulence. Near sunset, turbulence decays, leaving a residual layer in place of the mixed layer. During nighttime, the bottom of the residual layer is transformed into a statically stable boundary layer by contact with the radiatively cooled surface. Cumulus and stratocumulus clouds can form within the top portion of a humid PBL, while fog can form at the bottom of a stable boundary layer. The bottom 10% of the PBL is called the surface layer. (AMS, 2000) |
Pyridostigmine |
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Rhinorrhea |
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Salivation |
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Sarin (GB) |
Chemical
name: isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate |
Single-fiber electromyography |
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Soman (GD) |
One of several acutely toxic nerve agents. Chemical
name: Pinacolyl methyl phosphonofluoridate |
Source Term |
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Subacute (exposure) |
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Subclinical |
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Subchronic (exposure) |
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Tabun (GA) |
Chemical
name: Ethyl N, N-dimethylphosphoroamidocyanidate |
Tachycardia |
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TCLO |
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TDLO |
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Teratogenesis |
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Tracheitis |
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Uncertainty factor (UF) |
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Universal Time (UT) (Coordinated) (UTC) |
It is formally defined by a mathematical formula which relates UT to Greenwich mean sidereal time. Depending on the context, universal time and UT are commonly used to mean 1) UT0, which is dependent on the observer's location; 2) UT1, which removes the effect of the motion of the geographic pole; or 3) coordinated universal time (UTC). Since 1 January 1972, weather services have used UTC as the standard of time. (AMS, 2000) |
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