[1] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 1, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 1-1.
[2] Army Training Circular 3-10, Commander's Tactical NBC Handbook, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC, September 29, 1994, Chapter 4, p. 4-1.
[3] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997.
[4] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997. The Date was changed from October 1997 to March 1998 in response to input provided by the Chemical and Biological Defense Command Edgewood, MD, September 18, 1997.
[5] Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct. 1995, p. 412, and Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Sep. 1995.
[6] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 4, Critical Task: 031-504-2002, p. 4-16.
[7] Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct. 1995, p. 414.
[8] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 1, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 1-3 - 1-15.
[9] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997.
[10] Reconstructed Figure. Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 2, Figure 2-4, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 2-15.
[11] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 1, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 1-8 - 1-14.
[12] The test paddles contain agent simulant which the operator uses to test the system.
[13] Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct 1995, p. 413.
[14] Ionization is "the formation of one or more ions by the addition of electrons to or the removal of electrons from an electrically neutral atomic or molecular configuration by heat, electrical discharge, radiation, or chemical reaction. Ions make up molecules." The American Heritage Dictionary of English Language, New College Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1976, p. 690. Ions have a small electric charge that can be detected.
[15] M8A1 Alarm System's nerve agent (vapor form) detection sensitivity: G series = 0.1mg/m3 to 0.2 mg/m3 and VX = 0.4 mg/m3. G series nerve agents include Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), and Soman (GD). Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct 1995, p. 413.
[16] Reconstructed Figure. Briefing chart, CBDCOM, PM NBC Defense, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD.
[17] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lessons 4, Critical Task: 031-504-2002, p. 4-1 - 4-18.
[18] The actual number of alarms a unit deploys with is dependent on the type unit it is and where it will be located within the theater of operations. A company sized unit may have anywhere from 4 to 6 alarms.
[19] Reconstructed Figure. Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 4, Figures 4-13, 4-14, and 4-15, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 4-17, 4-18.
[20] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 2, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, Table 2-1, p. 2-4 - 2-12.
[21] Procedures specify that whenever the operator tests the M8A1 Alarm System's audible signal, the operator must warn as many personnel as possible that this is a test and not an actual alarm.
[22] The US Army specified special handling and disposition instructions in the event the ion cell module becomes damaged at any time. Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, Introduction.
[23] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 2, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 2-13 - 2-16.
[24] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 2, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 2-16 - 2-20.
[25] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 2, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 2-20 - 2-23.
[26] JULLS Number: 42366-78000(00016), submitted by 2/58th Aviation Regiment/Message, CDRXVIII Airborne Corps, P100748Z Sep 1990, SUBJECT: NBC - M8A1 Chemical Alarm Batteries (U). and CDRXVIII Airborne Corps, P211500Z Sep 1990, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm (U).
[27] Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lesson 3, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p. 3-10 - 3-4.
[28] Reconstructed Table. G series nerve agents include Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), and Soman (GD). Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct 1995, p. 413.
[29] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997, Army Subcourse CM7105, Operation and Maintenance of the M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm System, The Army Institute for Professional Development, US Army Chemical School, Fort McClellan, AL, June 1992, Edition A, Lessons 1 and 2, Critical Task: 031-504-1008, p 1-2 and 2-18, and Worldwide Chemical Detection Equipment Handbook, Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, Oct 1995, p. 414.
[30] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997.
[31] MCLLS Number: 22754-24000 (00029) submitted by 2d LAIBN, March 23, 1991, SUBJECT: M8A1 NBC Alarms.
[32] Message, XVIII Airborne Corps, April 10, 1991, SUBJECT: AAR 1st Cavalry Div Command Report.
[33] Message, FORSCOM, FT MCPHERSON GA//FCJ3-CAT//O071123Z Sep 1990, SUBJECT: Purging M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm.
[34] JULLS Number: 42366-78000(00016), submitted by 2/58th Aviation Regiment/Message, CDRXVIII Airborne Corps, P100748Z Sep 1990, SUBJECT: NBC--M8A1 Chemical Alarm Batteries (U).
[35] JULLS Number 52058-77115 (00009), submitted by Division Chemical, 24th Infantry Division, SUBJECT: Lessons Learned.
[36] Memorandum, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Staff, Washington, DC, SUBJECT: M8A1 Chemical Agent Alarm--INFORMATION MEMORANDUM, June 16, 1997. The date October 1997 reflected in the Memorandum was changed to March 1998 due to input from CBDCOM on September 18, 1997.
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