TAB E Coalition Air Attacks Against Muhammadiyat
Table 8. Coalition air attacks against Muhammadiyat that possibly released chemical warfare agent
Date |
Number/Type Aircraft |
Number/Type Munitions |
Time On Target |
Potential Release |
1/19/91 |
3 x F-111F |
8
x CBU-89 |
0200Z |
Nerve agent |
1/21/91 |
4 x F-111F |
8 x GBU-24 |
1930Z |
Nerve Agent |
1/22/91 |
7 x GR-1 |
56 x UK1000 |
1630Z |
Nerve Agent |
1/26/91 |
6 x A-6 |
unk x Mk 82 |
0004Z |
Nerve Agent |
1/27/91 |
24 x F-16 |
48 x Mk-84 |
0505Z |
Nerve
Agent |
1/27/91 |
24 x F-16 |
48 x Mk-84 |
1315Z |
Nerve
Agent |
1/30/91 |
6 x B-52G |
270 x M-117 |
2248Z |
Nerve Agent |
1/31/91 |
8 x B-52 |
360 x M-117 |
0100Z |
Nerve Agent |
2/3/91 |
10 x GR-1 |
50 x UK1000 |
1300Z |
Nerve Agent |
2/6/91 |
4 x A-6 |
12 x Mk-84 |
2103Z |
Nerve Agent |
2/10/91 |
4
x A-6 |
16
x GBU-11 |
1200Z |
Nerve
Agent |
2/12/91 |
2
x A-6 |
8
x GBU-11 |
1150Z |
Nerve
Agent |
2/16/91 |
4
x A-6 |
60
x Mk-82 |
0005Z |
Nerve
Agent |
2/16/91 |
6 x B-52 |
288 x Mk-82 |
2237Z |
Nerve
Agent |
2/17/91 |
14 x FA-18 |
55 x Mk83 |
0900Z |
Nerve Agent |
2/19/91 |
6
x FA-18 |
24
x Mk-83 |
2330Z |
Nerve Agent |
2/24/91 |
1
x F-15E |
8
x GBU-12 |
2020Z |
Nerve Agent |
Table 8 shows the air strikes against Muhammadiyat that had the potential of damaging chemical weapons. To generate this table, we searched mission reports and selected those showing attacks against Muhammadiyat. We used air tasking orders to help verify the time on target, i.e., the time at which a bombing occurred. Unfortunately, many mission reports simply identified the target as "Qubaysah Storage A Ammo A Scud Depot" and did not identify the precise target within the complex. In these instances, we considered that the air strike had the potential to damage chemical weapons, and included the strike in the table. Other mission reports indicated that the aircrafts target was a possible Scud location. We also considered these strikes to have the potential of damaging chemical munitions and included them in the table.
Some records showed that the Muhammadiyat bunker complex was the primary target. Since Iraq did not store chemical weapons in the bunker complex, which was located in a separate area at Muhammadiyat, we did not include these strikes in the table.
The "Potential Release" column indicates whether nerve agent, mustard agent, or both were possibly released during the air strike. Additionally, if there were several times on target, this column indicates the one we selected for dispersion modeling.