SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR DISEASES IN THEATER OF OPERATION 13 FEB 91

File: 980404_sep96_sagwi3_0002.txt
Page: 0002
Total Pages: 3
Subject = SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR DISEASES IN THEATER OF OPERATION  13 FEB 91   

Box ID = BX000284

Folder Title = GENERAL FIELD SANITATION SURVEY 12TH EVAC HOSPITAL                                              

Unit = VII CORPS   

Parent Org = ARCENT      






    transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly.
                   d
       tribution an Seasonality: Widespread throughout the theater of operations
    --chough more prevalent in Iraq. The fever is associated with the presence of
    the sandfly vector from April through October.
    Prevention:
         1. Use of personal insect repellent lotion and repellent clothing spray.
         2. Treatment of mosquito netting over sleeping areas with repellent spray
            is essential because the sandfly vector can pass through mesh larger
            than 12 mesh/cm.



    LEISHMANIASIS

    Epidemiology: Both cutaneous leishmaniasis (Oriental or Baghdad Sore) and
    visceral leishmanasis (kala-azar) occur throughout the theater of operations,
    cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent. This infection is manifested
    by an open lesion, usually on the face, neck, or arms. If left untreated, it
    is self-healing but may require up to a year or more, depending upon the
    pathogen. Visceral leishmaniasis is much more serious but is lower in
    incidence and usually affects children. Both categories are transmitted
    through the bite of an infected sandfly.
    Distribution and Seasonality: Throughout the theater of operations but with a
    much greater incidence in Iraq, especially centered near Baghdad. Incidents
    of infection correspond with population levels of the sandfly vector;
    primarily March through October.
    Prevention: Same as for sandfly fever.


    ",-IDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE) TYPHUS

    Epidemiology: This disease is transmitted through the inoculation of
    infected body louse feces through skin abrasions. Typically, the bite of the
    louse causes irritation and infection occurs when the louse is crushed while
    scratching. The disease is initially manifested by flu-like symptoms
    including fever, chills, headache, nausea, etc., followed 3-5 days from
    initial symptoms with a body rash.
    Distribution and Seasonality: Epidemic typhus is normally associated with
    colder climates and more northern latitudes. If the disease does occur within
    Saudi Arabia, it is currently limi-ted to the northern provinces.
    Establishment of EPW camps in Saudi Arabia may increase the potential of the
    disease becoming more widespread.
    Prevention-.
         1. Epidemic typhus is often characterized as occurring in crowded human
            populations where personal hygienic conditions are poor. Emphasis
            should be placed on personal hygiene.
         2. Application of insect repellent spray to uniforms and use of repellent
            lotion will minimize infestations.
         S. Application of 2 ounces of 1% l'indane powder is used to treat
            personnel who experience body louse infestations.


    TRACHOMA

     @demiology: This disease of the eyes is manifested by pain and lacrimation.
    ine severity of the disease is often related to environmental conditions;
    exposure to dry winds and dust enhances its severity. It is commonly
    mechanically transmitted by flies from person to person. .
    Distribution and Seasonality: Widespread throughout the theater of